Treaty of Darin
The Treaty of Darin, or the Darin Pact, of 1915 was made between the
Signing
The treaty was signed at Darin, on the island of Tarut[1] on 26 December 1915 by Abdulaziz and Sir Percy Cox on behalf of the British Government.[2]
Terms
The treaty made the lands of the House of Saud a British protectorate and attempted to define its boundaries.[3][4] The British aim was to guarantee the sovereignty of Kuwait, Qatar and the Trucial States.[5] Abdulaziz agreed not to attack British protectorates, but did not promise not to attack the Sharif of Mecca[6] Also, he agreed to enter World War I in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire as an ally of Britain.[2]
Following the treaty, Abdulaziz obtained the following from the British: recognition as the ruler of Najd and its dependencies under British protection; a loan of £20,000 and a shipment of arms in June 1916; a monthly stipend of £5,000 and from the end of World War I to March 1924 an annual stipend of £60,000 in January 1917.[7] The first article of the treaty also acknowledged the rights of Abdulaziz's sons to rule.[8]
Significance
The treaty was the first to give international recognition to the fledgling Saudi state. For the first time in Nejdi history, the concept of negotiated borders had been introduced.[5] Additionally, the British aim was to secure its Persian Gulf protectorates, but the treaty had the unintended consequence of legitimising Saudi control in the adjacent areas.[5] The Treaty was superseded in 1927 by the Treaty of Jeddah.[9]
References
- ISBN 978-81-7200-000-4.
- ^ a b Abdullah I of Jordan; Philip Perceval Graves (1950). Memoirs. p. 186.
- ^ John C. Wilkinson (1993). Arabia's Frontiers: the Story of Britain's Boundary Drawing in the Desert. pp. 133–139.
- ISBN 978-0-19-093501-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8014-8430-8.
- ISBN 978-0-415-04162-1.
- .
- ^ Gamal Hagar (1981). Britain, Her Middle East Mandates and the Emergence of Saudi Arabia, 1926-1932: A Study in the Process of British Policy-making and in the Conduct and development of Britain's Relations with Ibn Saud (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Keele. p. 28. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-7936-0725-6.