Tune stone
59°17′32″N 11°5′0″E / 59.29222°N 11.08333°E
Tune stone | |
---|---|
Tunesteinen | |
Culture | Norse |
Rundata ID | N KJ72 U |
Runemaster | Wiwaz |
Text – Native | |
See article. | |
Translation | |
See article. |
The Tune stone is an important
Inscription
The stone has inscriptions on two sides, called side A and side B. Side A consists of an inscription of two lines (A1 and A2), and side B consists of an inscription of three lines (B1, B2 and B3),[2] each line done in boustrophedon style.[3]
The A side reads:
- A1: ekwiwazafter·woduri
- A2: dewitadahalaiban:worathto·?[---
The B side reads:
- B1: ????zwoduride:staina:
- B2: þrijozdohtrizdalidun
- B3: arbijasijostezarbijano
The transcription of the runic text is:
- A: Ek Wiwaz after Woduride witandahlaiban worhto r[unoz].
- B: [Me]z(?) Woduride staina þrijoz dohtriz dalidun(?) arbija arjostez(?) arbijano.[4]
The English translation is:
- I, Wiwaz, made the runes after Woduridaz, my lord. For me, Woduridaz, three daughters, the most distinguished of the heirs, prepared the stone.[4]
The name Wiwaz means 'the promised one', from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-ós[citation needed], while Woduridaz means 'fury-rider'.[3] The phrase witandahlaiban, translated as 'my lord', literally means 'ward-bread' or 'guardian of the bread'.[5][6] (The English word lord similarly originates from Old English hlāford < hlāf-weard, literally 'loaf-ward', i.e. 'guardian of the bread'.)
Interpretations
The
Spurkland's translation differs somewhat from the translation given above, running:
- I, Vi, in memory of Vodurid, the bread lord, made runes
- I left Vodurid the stone. Three daughters prepared the burial ale, the most godborne of the heirs[7]
Grønvik and Marstrander also agree the three daughters prepared the burial ale, rather than the stone.
See also
Notes
- ^ Online entry on the Tune stone in Store norske leksikon.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Inscription provided from this site's entry on the Tune stone. Slightly adapted to fit Wikipedia.
- ^ a b Antonsen (2002:126–127)
- ^ a b Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas – Rundata
- ^ Page (1987:31).
- ^ Nielsen (2006:267).
- ^ a b Terje Spurkland. I begynnelsen var Futhark. Cappelen akademisk forlag, 2001.
References
- Antonsen, Elmer H. (2002). Runes and Germanic Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-017462-6.
- Grønvik, Ottar (1981). Runene på Tunesteinen: Alfabet, Språkform, Budskap. Universitetsforlaget ISBN 82-00-05656-2
- Nielsen, Hans Frede (2006). "The Early Runic Inscriptions and German Historical Linguistics". In Stoklund, Marie; Nielsen, Michael Lerche; et al. (eds.). Runes and Their Secrets: Studies in Runology. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-635-0428-6.
- ISBN 0-520-06114-4.