Type II keratin
Type II keratins (or Type II cytokeratins) constitutes the Type II
Type II cytokeratins are encoded on
Overall, keratin type 2 plays a crucial role in maintaining the strength and integrity of the skin, hair, and nails. Mutations in keratin genes can lead to various genetic disorders that affect these tissues, such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a rare condition characterized by blistering and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes.[3]
Keratin 2 Types: 2A and 2B
Type II Keratins are divided into 2 subtypes: Type IIA Keratins and Type IIB Keratins. Type 2A keratins are expressed in tissues that require high levels of mechanical stress, such as the soles of the feet, while type 2B keratins are expressed in tissues that are subject to less stress, such as the palms of the hands.[1]
Type IIA Keratins
Type IIA Keratins are characterized by their expression in tissues that undergo high stress, like soles of the feet or palms of the hand. There are several different type 2A keratins that have been identified in humans, including
Type IIA keratins have a unique structural feature that allows them to form coiled-coil dimers, which then assemble into tetramers and eventually into intermediate filaments. This structural organization provides the mechanical strength and resilience necessary to withstand the stresses experienced by the tissues in which they are expressed.[6] Mutations in type 2A keratin genes can lead to various genetic disorders, such as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK) and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), which are characterized by hyperkeratosis and blistering of the skin on the palms and soles.[7]
Type IIB Keratins
Type IIB keratins are a group of intermediate filament proteins that are primarily expressed in epithelial tissues, such as the skin, nails, and hair follicles. They belong to the keratin family of proteins, which are characterized by their highly conserved alpha-helical coiled-coil domains.
See also
References
- ^ from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- PMID 16180309.
- ^ PMID 18461349.
- ^ "KRT1 expression in human". www.bgee.org. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
- S2CID 21429676.
- PMID 21176769.
- ^ PMID 29610398.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - from the original on 2022-08-04. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
External links
- Type+II+Keratin at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Proteopedia page on keratins