U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria
Part of a series on the Syrian civil war |
Syrian peace process |
---|
The U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria refers to several American–Russian initiatives, including joint
Following the
However, by 2015, it is reported from CNN that there are at least 500 military personnel in Syria, and Russia sent more troops to Syria. US announced that it would keep a very close eye on Russia's moves in Syria.
Timeline
2013 proposals
A joint
The effectiveness of the negotiations and possible conference were questioned by Andrew Tabler of the
Geneva II
The
In a previous Geneva meeting on 30 June 2012 (i.e. "Geneva I"), "major powers" agreed on the principle of a political transition, "but failed to stop the war".
Chemical arsenal disposal agreement
Following
February 2016 U.S.–Russia brokered UNSC ceasefire resolution
On 26 February 2016, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 2268 that demanded all parties to comply with the terms of a U.S.–Russian deal on a "cessation of hostilities". The cease-fire came into effect on 27 February 2016. By July 2016, this ceasefire had mostly unraveled and violence again escalated.
September 2016 U.S.–Russia brokered ceasefire
On 10 September 2016, Russia and U.S. reached a deal on establishing a cease-fire between the
But on 16 September, the heaviest fighting since weeks broke out at the outskirts of Damascus and air attacks elsewhere in Syria resumed.[8] On Saturday 17 September, Russia accused groups supported by the US to have violated the ceasefire 199 times and said it was up to the US to stop them and thus save the ceasefire.[8]
Later on 17 September, the US-led coalition with Danish, British and Australian aircraft bombarded the Syrian army near ISIL-dominated territory in northern Syria[9] killing between 90 and 106 Syrian Army soldiers and wounding 110 more, which for the Syrian government proved that "the US and its allies cooperate with terrorists".[8] While the US contended the bombs on Assad's troops were by accident, Russia said it was on purpose.[9] 18 September, bombarding also in Aleppo resumed.[8]
Monday 19 September, Assad's government declared the ceasefire as ended, mainly because of the US-led coalition's attacks on Assad's troops. Soon afterward a UN food convoy near Aleppo was bombarded or shot at, unclear was by whom.[9]
On 3 October, the U.S. announced suspension of talks with Russia on implementing the agreement, marking the end of the ceasefire deal.[10][11]
July 2017 U.S.–Russia brokered ceasefire agreement
On 9 July 2017, a new ceasefire agreement was brokered directly by the United States and Russia for southwest Syria.[12] Unlike the earlier ceasefire attempts that failed to reduce violence for long, US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin reached agreement during their meeting at the Group of 20 summit in Hamburg, Germany, on 7 July 2017. The ceasefire agreement affects towns, villages and borderlands in three regions close to Jordan and Israel. The deal includes establishing de-escalation zones, otherwise known as safe zones, along Syria's borders with both Jordan and Israel.[13][14][15]
See also
- Geneva II Middle East peace conference
- List of Middle East peace proposals
References
- ^ a b c Politically Speaking (22 August 2013). "Syria, a civil, sectarian and proxy war". The Elders. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "Syria opposition to consult allies over US–Russia initiative". Al Arabiya/Associated Press. 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "How about diplomacy?". The Economist. 25 May 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ Miles, Tom; Stephanie Nebehay; Mark Heinrich (28 August 2013). "Military intervention in Syria would need U.N. approval: Brahimi". Archived from the original on 31 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Senate delays Syria vote as Obama loses momentum". USA Today. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R. (14 September 2013). "U.S. and Russia Reach Deal to Destroy Syria's Chemical Arms". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ a b 'Syria's civil war: US and Russia clinch ceasefire deal'. Al Jazeera, 11 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d (in Dutch) ‘Blunder VS bedreigt bestand Syrië’ (‘Blunder US threatens Syrian truce’. NRC Handelsblad, 18 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ a b c (in Dutch) 'De wapenstilstand redden terwijl de bommen vallen' (Saving the truce while the bombs are falling'). NRC Handelsblad, 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ U.S. suspends Syria ceasefire talks with Russia, blames Moscow Reuters, 3 October 2016.
- ^ "U.S.-Russian ceasefire deal holding in southwest Syria". Reuters. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (16 July 2017). "Netanyahu: Israel Opposes Cease-fire Deal Reached by U.S. and Russia in Southern Syria". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ "Here's What To Know About The Trump-Putin Syria Cease-Fire". NPR.org. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (10 August 2017). "Israel Held Secret Talks With Russia, U.S. Over Cease-fire in Southern Syria". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 November 2017.