Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg

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Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg
Henry, Count of Württemberg
MotherElisabeth of Zweibrücken-Bitsch
Signature

Duke Ulrich of Württemberg (8 February 1487 – 6 November 1550) succeeded his kinsman

Henry VIII" by historians.[2]

Early life

Statue of Peter Gaiss, leader of the "Poor Conrad" rebellion in the Rems Valley

County of Urach, and his only guardian died when he was nine years of age.[3]

Ulrich served the German king, Maximilian I, in the War of the Succession of Landshut in 1504, receiving some additions to Württemberg as a reward; he accompanied Maximilian on his unfinished journey to Rome in 1508; and he marched with the imperial army into France in 1513. Meanwhile, in Württemberg Ulrich had become very unpopular. His extravagance had led to a large accumulation of debt, and his subjects were irritated by his oppressive methods of raising money. In 1514 an uprising under the name of Poor Conrad broke out, and was only suppressed after Ulrich had made important concessions to the estates in return for financial aid. The duke's relations with the Swabian League, moreover, were very bad, and trouble soon came from another quarter also.[4]

Portrait of Duchess Sabina of Bavaria by Barthel Beham, 1530

In 1511 Ulrich had married Sabina, a daughter of Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria,[5] and niece of the Emperor Maximilian. The marriage was a very unhappy one, and having formed an affection for the wife of a knight named Hans von Hutten, a kinsman of Ulrich von Hutten, the duke killed Hans in 1515 during an altercation. Hutten's friends now joined the other elements of discontent. Fleeing from her husband, Sabina won the support of the emperor and of her brother William IV, Duke of Bavaria, and Ulrich was twice placed under the imperial ban. After the death of Maximilian in January 1519 the Swabian League interfered in the struggle, and Ulrich was driven from Württemberg, which was afterwards sold by the league to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[4]

In exile

Statue of Ulrich in Balingen (Zollernalbkreis)

Ulrich passed some time in Switzerland, France and Germany, occupied with brigand exploits and in service under Francis I of France; but he never lost sight of the possibility of recovering Württemberg and about 1523 he announced his conversion to the reformed faith. His opportunity came with the outbreak of the German Peasants' War. Posing as the friend of the lower orders and signing himself "Ulrich the peasant", his former oppressions were forgotten and his return was anticipated with joy. Collecting men and money, mainly in France and Switzerland, he invaded Württemberg in February 1525, but the Swiss in his service were recalled owing to the defeat of Francis I of France at Pavia; the peasantry were unable to give him any serious support, and in a few weeks he was again a fugitive.[4]

During his exile Ulrich had formed a friendship with Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse; and his restoration, undertaken by Philip, is an event of some importance in the political history of the Reformation. In 1526 Philip had declared he was anxious to restore the exiled duke, and about the same time Francis I and Zwingli had intimated their willingness to assist in a general attack upon the Habsburgs. Many difficulties, however, barred the way, and it was 1534 before Philip was prepared to strike.[4]

Restoration

In January of that year Francis I had definitely promised assistance; the Swabian League had just been dissolved; and, after a manifesto had been issued by Ulrich and Philip justifying the proposed undertaking, Württemberg was invaded in April 1534. Charles V and his brother, King

Kaaden by which he was recognized as duke by Ferdinand, but was to hold Württemberg under Austrian suzerainty. After some hesitation Ulrich yielded to the solicitations of Philip, and signed the treaty in February 1535.[4]

Reichenweiher in Alsace

The duke now lost no time in pressing on the teaching of the reformed doctrines of

Christopher (1515–1568),[5] who succeeded him.[4]

Ancestors

References

  1. JSTOR 43446509
    .
  2. ^ a b Marcus 2000, p. 41.
  3. ^ Marcus 2000, p. 42.
  4. ^ a b c d e f  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ulrich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 567–568. This work in turn cites:
    • L. F. Heyd, Ulrich, Herzog zu Württemberg (Tübingen, 1841–1844)
    • B. Kugler, Ulrich, Herzog zu Württemberg (Stuttgart, 1865)
    • H. Ulmann, Fünf Jahre württembergischer Geschichte 1515-1519 (Leipzig, 1867)
    • Johannes Janssen, Geschichte des deutschen Volkes seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters (Freiburg, 1890) Eng. trans. by A. M. Christie and M. A. Mitchell (London, 1900 seq.)
    • C. F. von Stälin, Wirtembergische Geschichte. Bd. iv. (Stuttgart, 1873)
    • J. Wille, Philipp der Grossmüthige von Hessen und die Restitution Ulrichs von Wirtemberg (Tübingen, 1882)
  5. ^ a b Hohkamp 2007, p. 99.
  6. JSTOR 43049783
    .

Sources

External links
Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg
House of Württemberg
Born: 8 February 1487 Died: 6 November 1550
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Duke of Württemberg

1498-1519 and 1534-1550; 1519 to 1534 exiled in Switzerland and Montbéliard 		Succeeded by
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