User:17AK/sandbox

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Plants

A diverse collection of plants from all over the world can be found in Golden Gate Park. Acacias, like the

Sydney golden wattle from Australia, were some of the first plants planted by William Hammond Hall to stabilize the sand dunes. They still play that role in the western portion of the park and are common all around the park.[1]

The

Coast Live Oak is the only tree native to Golden Gate Park.[2] Some of the oldest plants in the park are the coast live oaks in the Oak Woodlands in the northeastern portion of the park which are hundreds of years old.[3][4] Oaks also grown on Strawberry Hill and in the AIDS Memorial Grove. Acorns from the oak trees were an important food source to Native American groups in San Francisco.[5][6]

Monterey cypress were the most commonly planted trees in the park during the late 1800s. Blue gum continued to grow and spread all around the park and is now one of the most important trees found in the park. They can be found near McClaren lodge, on Hippie Hill, and in a eucalyptus forest near Middle Lake. Monterey pines are also prevalent today and can found in the Strybing Arboretum, the Japanese Tea Garden and in the western portions of the park around the Buffalo Paddock.[7][8]

Redwoods were planted in the park during the 1880s and can be found all around the park, most notably in Heroes Grove, Redwood Memorial Grove, AIDS Memorial Grove, Stanyan Meadows, on top of Hippie Hill, and in the Panhandle.[9][10]

Tree ferns were planted early on by McClaren and continue to thrive in the park. Many can be found in the Tree Fern Dell, near the Conservatory of Flowers, which is made up of mostly

Tasmanian tree fern.[11]

Four out of the thirty-two San Francisco locations designated as “Natural Areas” by the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department’s Natural Areas Program are in Golden Gate Park. These are the Oak Woodlands, Strawberry Hill, Whiskey Hill, and the Lily Pond. Ninety-six percent of the park is not considered a “Natural Area”.[12][13]

Other than the Coast Live Oak, the plants that are currently in the park are non-native, some of which are considered invasive species. Many have disrupted the ecosystem and harm birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects in the park. Volunteers with the Strawberry Hill Butterfly Habitat Restoration Project are removing and replacing invasive plant species to help restore the butterfly population on Strawberry Hill. Under the Significant Natural Resource Areas Management Plan, the city will remove many invasive species and replace them with native plants.[14][15][16]

  1. ^ McClintock, Elizabeth (2001). The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 25-27.
  2. ^ McClintock, Elizabeth (2001). The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 176-177.
  3. ^ Maloof, Joan. "CA: Oak Woodlands of Golden Gate Park". Old-Growth Forest Network. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  4. ^ "Nature in the City: San Francisco's Natural Heritage" (PDF). San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department.
  5. ^ Dreyfus, Philip J. (2008). Our better nature: environment and the making of San Francisco. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press: Norman. p. 17.
  6. ^ San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department. "Oak Woodlands Natural Areas". San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  7. ^ McClintock, Elizabeth (2001). The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 75-76,89,156-157.
  8. ^ "Chain of Lakes". San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  9. ^ McClintock, Elizabeth (2001). The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 75-76,89,156-157.
  10. ^ "Redwoods: The Original San Francisco Giants". San Francisco Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  11. ^ McClintock, Elizabeth (2001). The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 80-81.
  12. ^ "Natural Resources Management Plan" (PDF). San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  13. ^ "Natural Areas FAQs". San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  14. ^ Beatley, Timothy. Handbook of Biophilic City Planning & Design. Washington, DC: Island Press. p. 109.
  15. ^ "Forestry Restoration". San Francisco Recreation and Parks. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  16. ^ Holt, Tim. "Special attention for Golden Gate Park butterflies". SFGate. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
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