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The article I have selected to work on is titled "Voice Therapy (Transgender)". I plan to contribute to this article by reorganizing the content into a more organized structure. The current format is problematic and the article does not even discuss therapeutic techniques for transgender clients of Speech-Language Pathologists. I would also like to retitle the article to read "Transgender Voice Therapy". Also, many citations need to be added - some paragraphs do not contain a single reference. Other sections need to be rewritten entirely (the paragraph on vocal sound production should be moved or removed entirely).

The following is a draft of the new section to be added titled "Voice Masculinization".

Voice Masculinization

Voice modifications for transgender males typically involve the lowering of the speaking fundamental frequency

hormone replacement therapy (female-to-male) at all^[1]. Voice masculinization therapy can help to further lower the pitch of transgender males and address voice problems associated with hormone therapy^[1]. Another option for female-to-male clients who wish to further lower their speaking pitch is to undergo vocal surgery (see Surgical Techniques for more details).^[3]

A Speech-Language Pathologist may be involved in aiding the female-to-male client achieve their desired voice goals, while usually prioritizing the overall health of the voice [3]. Therapy techniques may involve finding the client's most comfortable pitch range, using breath support and relaxation exercises, introducing voice strengthening warm-ups, stabilizing posture and increasing chest resonance^[3].

Lowering Pitch

A lack of training on how to use their new voice may cause female-to-male clients have increased muscle tension^[3]. Therefore, a Speech-Language Pathologist can give clients vocal exercises to help find their optimal speaking pitch and maintain overall vocal health^[3]. Adler, Hirsch, & Mordaunt (2012), describe the following therapy techniques for transgender male clients:

Optimal Pitch

Rather than straining to achieve a lower speaking pitch, the client should seek to maintain a comfortable pitch range through visualization^[3]. This range is generally approximately between 100 and 105Hz^[3].

Diaphragmatic Breathing Patterns

In order to maintain their new speaking pitch, the female-to-male client needs to establish an appropriate breathing pattern to support their speech output^[3]. Establishing a stable speaking posture is also important to optimize pitch and breath support^[3].

Warm-Up Vocal Exercises

Warm-up exercises that the client can do at home help to strengthen the voice, maintain optimal pitch and prevent vocal fatigue^[3]. Resting the voice after long periods of use is also important^[3].

Relaxation Techniques

The Speech-Language Pathologist may teach their client tension-releasing techniques for the jaw, tongue, shoulders, neck and overall laryngeal area^[3].

Chest Resonance

Head resonance is more commonly used by females, and therefore female-to-male clients must establish a pattern of chest resonance to match their lower speaking pitch. Exercises can help establish this chest resonance and help the client lower their larynx^[3].

Working Bibliography:

^
ISSN 1553-2739
.

^ Abitbol; Abitbol; Abitbol (1999). "Sex Hormones and the Female Voice". Journal of Voice. 13 (3): 424–446.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Adler, Richard; Hirsch, Sandy; Mordaunt, Michelle (2012). Voice and communication therapy for the transgender/transsexual client: a comprehensive clinical guide. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing Inc.

[:0-1] 
ISSN 1553-2739
.

[2] Abitbol; Abitbol; Abitbol (1999). "Sex Hormones and the Female Voice". Journal of Voice. 13 (3): 424–446.

[:1-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Adler, Richard; Hirsch, Sandy; Mordaunt, Michelle (2012). Voice and communication therapy for the transgender/transsexual client: a comprehensive clinical guide. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing Inc.

[1]

[3]