User:FFLaguna/Chun Doo-hwan Editing01

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Chun Doo-hwan
전두환
全斗煥
Choi Kyu-ha
Succeeded byRoh Tae-woo
Personal details
Born (1931-01-18) 18 January 1931 (age 93)
General

Chun Doo-hwan (also transliterated as Jeon Du-hwan; born 18 January 1931) is a retired former

Gwangju massacre, but later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam on the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung
, whom Chun himself had sentenced to death some 20 years earlier.

Road to power

Chun was a graduate of the eleventh class of the

Choi Kyu-ha, needing to further investigate his involvement in the assassination. Jeong Seung-hwa resisted, leading to a bloody shoot-out at the Army Headquarters and the Ministry of Defense. By the next morning, Chun and his fellow eleventh class military academy graduates including Major General Roh Tae-woo
, commanding general of 9th Infantry Division and Major General Jeong Ho-yong were in charge of the Korean military.

On 17 May 1980, Chun dropped all pretense of civilian rule, extending

Gwangju massacre
.

Choi resigned in August, and Chun was elected his successor by the National Conference for Unification, then the puppet electoral college of South Korea. In February 1981, Chun was elected president under a revised constitution as the candidate of the Democratic Justice Party (the renamed Democratic Republican Party), having resigned from the army after promoting himself to four star general.

Years in office

As president, Chun promoted strong centralized government, and the rapid economic growth of the

Park
era continued.

Korean name
Hangul
전두환
Hanja
全斗煥
Revised RomanizationJeon Duhwan
McCune–ReischauerChŏn Tu-hwan
Art name
Hangul
일해
Hanja
日海
Revised RomanizationIlhae
McCune–ReischauerIrhae

Although Chun ruled in an authoritarian manner, he had far less power than Park, and for the most part his rule was much milder. The revised 1981 constitution was less authoritarian than its 1972 predecessor, the

Yushin Constitution
, but still granted very broad powers to the president. However, it restricted the president to one seven-year term, and Chun did not attempt to amend the document so he could run for reelection in 1987.

By 1986, despite the Korean economy enjoying rapid growth combined with modest inflation, there was much antipathy against Chun's regime among the people, led by activist students who later became known as the 386s.

In June 1987, Chun named Roh as the ruling party's candidate in the 1987 elections. The nationwide discontent boiled over, leading to nationwide protests. In the same month, U.S. President Ronald Reagan sent a letter to Chun in support of the establishment of "democratic institutions." Following these events, on 29 June, Roh announced a programme of reform. This included direct presidential elections, restoration of banned politicians including Kim Dae-jung, and other liberalizing measures. This enabled Roh to differentiate himself from Chun, and helped by a divided opposition, he was elected as the next president of South Korea. It later became known that this was a move orchestrated by Chun.

During Chun's visit to

Burma (now Myanmar) in 1983, a bomb exploded at a mausoleum he was about to visit, killing 21 people, including South Korean Cabinet members. Chun himself narrowly escaped death as he arrived at the scene two minutes late. While no firm evidence of North Korean involvement has been established, they are widely suspected to have been the responsible party.[2]

An embattled ex-President

After he stepped down, under the vengeful political atmosphere, much public scrutiny fell upon the faults of Chun's regime.[

Buddhist temple as a symbolic gesture of repentance for the excesses of his regime. He spent two years in Baekdamsa.[3]

In 1996, former presidents Chun and Roh were jailed on charges of corruption. On 16 December, they were also convicted of treason and mutiny connected with their takeover of power. Many of Chun's supporters argue that accusation is baseless and it's nothing but a work of vengeful politicians.[

Kim Dae Jung
.

References

  1. ^ (in Korean) Hani News The Hankyoreh(3 September 2008). Retrieved on 13 September 2008
  2. ^ Win, U Sein (15 October 1983). Report details Burma bombing. Spokane Chronicle.
  3. ^ (in Korean) 백담사와 전두환 전대통령

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Choi Kyu-ha
President of South Korea
1980-1988
Succeeded by