User:Heyverano/Harriette Chick

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Dame Harriette Chick,

DBE, PhD, FRSM (6 January 1875 – 9 July 1977) was a British microbiologist, protein scientist and nutritionist. She is best remembered for demonstrating the roles of sunlight and cod liver oil in preventing rickets
.

Harriette Chick, 1907

Biography

Early years and education

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She was born in London, England as the fifth child of seven daughters and four sons of Samuel Chick and Emma Hooley, a Methodist family.

Notting Hill High School, a girls' school thought to be outstanding for its teaching in the sciences.[2] Subsequently, six of the sisters including Harriette continued to study for university degrees.[2] Another of them, Frances Wood, became a notable statistician.[3] Harriette was enrolled as a science student at University College London in 1894 and then proceeded to obtain her doctorate in bacteriology at the same university.[4]

Death

She never married and died in

Cambridge, England in 1977, aged 102.[1]

Work

In 1909 Chick was a cosignatory to a letter to The Times newspaper from a group of women graduates of the University of London calling for them to be allowed to vote for the Member of Parliament returned by their university.[5] In 1913 she was one of the first three women to be admitted to the Biochemical Society following its renaming and change of policy on the admission of women.[6]

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Early doctorate research in Vienna and Munich

During the years 1898–1901 an award from the

Lister Institute. Her application raised a number of objections as no woman had been bestowed the fellowship previously.[2]

Lister Institute research

In 1905, Chick was the first woman with a position at the Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine in London. She initially worked with Lister Institute director Charles James Martin in his laboratory under the title Assistant on a range of biological projects and ultimately stayed with the institute as an honorary staff member for 25 years thereafter.

Her first studies was to develop a more reliable method of measuring the relative biological potency of different disinfectants.[4] She is known for having formulated Chick's Law in 1908, giving the relationship between the kill efficiency of organisms and contact time with a disinfectant.[9][10] Chick's Law was later modified by Dr. H.E. Watson in 1908 to include the coefficient of specific lethality. The Chick-Watson Equation is still used. A new and, at the time, more realistic test for the effectiveness of disinfectants, the Chick-Martin test, was also devised and named for the two collaborators (see Phenol coefficient).

She then continued her research to investigate the coagulation of serum globulins by heat and chemicals. In the same lab, she discovered that the process of

protein denaturation was distinct from protein coagulation (or flocculation),[11] beginning the modern understanding of protein folding
.

She also worked with Martin on a project related to the bubonic plague in India and the readiness that the rat fleas bites would bit humans. During this project, Martin and Chick, along with six others, volunteered to be bitten by a hungry rat flea for the studies.[4]

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Work at Lister Institute and transition to nutritional studies

In 1915, she briefly went to the Lister Institute in

Lister Institute and the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) to study the relation of nutrition to childhood bone disease in post-war Vienna. They discovered the nutritional factor causing rickets, and proved that fat-soluble vitamins present in cod liver oil, or exposure to ultra violet light, could cure and prevent rickets in children.[15][16]

Chick was appointed Head of a new nutrition section at the Lister Institute and continued with her research on rickets and, additionally, pellagra. The department was relocated to the Cambridge house of the Lister director CJ Martin during the Second World War.

Honors and distinctions

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While studying at University College London, Chick won awards for botany- the advanced-class prize in 1894–1895 and the senior-class Gold Medal in 1896.[8]

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She served as secretary of the

Dame of the British Empire in 1949.[1] In 1960 she received an honorary fellowship of the Royal Society of Medicine
. In 1918 she was elected to the Physiological Society. She served as Secretary of the Accessory Food Factors Committee of the Medical Research Council from 1918–1945.

Select publications

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-684-19177-6. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help
    )
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-8108-3287-9
    .
  3. doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2017.01074.x. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help
    )
  4. ^
    ISSN 0022-3166
    .
  5. ^ L. Garrett Anderson, M. D., B.S., Marian Busk, B. S., Hon. Treasurer., & E. Honor Bone, M. D., B.S Harriette Chick, D.Sc. Jessie W. Scott. M.A. Hon. Secretaries. (16 November 1909). Women Graduates and the Suffrage. The Times, p. 12. London, England.
  6. ^ "Women in the Biochemical Society". Centre for the History of Medicine, University of Warwick. 10 Nov 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  7. ^ The Crusade Against Consumption. The Times, 13 January 1902 p6, London, England
  8. ^
    ISBN 1-57607-090-5
    .
  9. ^ Chick's Law Archived 21 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. PMC 2540130
    .
  11. PMID 16993156
    .
  12. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30924
    .
  13. ^ A history of the UK Bio Products Laboratory (1954-2014), online publication accessed 25 August 2019
  14. ^ "Vitamin Discussion". Retrieved 12 November 2010.[dead link]
  15. ^ Information, Reed Business (28 July 1977). "New Scientist". {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ Dalyell and Chicks Research[permanent dead link]
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