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Vocal Cord Dysfunction

Prognosis

Currently, the natural prognosis of VCD in both children and adults is not well described in literature. [1] Additionally, there is currently no research that has studied whether the underlying cause of VCD makes a difference in the resolution of symptoms or in the long-term prognosis of the impairment. [2]

Information on the prognosis of VCD after acute therapies is also limited. Minimal response has been documented with the continued treatment of asthma in people with VCD using

Botox in VCD has limited reports, those that are available report successful resolution of exercise-induced VCD symptoms for up to 2 months.[2]

Outcomes of chronic VCD treatment are similarly limited. When pediatric patients undergoing hypnosis therapy were studied, more than half saw either a reduction or resolution of VCD.[2] Even though it is widely used, no long-term studies have been done to study the prognosis of VCD after psychotherapy.[2]

dyspnea per month and decreased respiratory stress severity.[4]

For those adolescent patients who recovered from VCD, the average time before the symptoms were resolved was 4-5 months.[1] However, some adolescents had VCD symptoms even 5 years post VCD onset, regardless of intervention.[1] It has been noted that some patients do not respond to standard VCD therapies and continue to express recurrent symptoms.[2]

Risk Factors

The following increase an individual's chances for acquiring VCD:[5]

  1. Upper airway inflammation (
    recurrent upper respiratory infections
    )
  2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  3. Past traumatic event that involved breathing (e.g. near-drowning, suffocation)
  4. Severe emotional trauma or distress
  5. Female gender
  6. Playing a wind instrument
  7. Playing a competitive or elite sport

References

  1. ^ a b c d Noyes, Blakeslee E; Kemp, James S (2007-01-01). "Vocal cord dysfunction in children". YPRRV Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. 8 (2): 155–163. ISSN 1526-0542
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Morris, M. J., Allan, P. F., & Perkins, P. J. (2006). Vocal cord dysfunction: etiologies and treatment. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 13(2), 73-86.
  3. ^ Deckert J; Deckert L (2010-01-01). "Vocal cord dysfunction.". American family physician. 81 (2): 156–9. ISSN 0002-838X
  4. ^ Patel, R. R., Venediktov, R., Schooling, T., & Wang, B. (2015). Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Speech-Language Pathology Treatment for Individuals With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion. American Journal Of Speech-Language Pathology, 24(3), 566-584. doi:10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0120
  5. ^ Hoyte, Flavia C.L. "Vocal cord dysfunction". Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 2013 Feb; 33(1): 1-22.

References to Add to VCD Article

Doshi, D. R., & Weinberger, M. M. (2006). Long-term outcome of vocal cord dysfunction. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 96(6), 794-799. - a retrospective medical chart review of VCD prognosis

Patel, R. R., Venediktov, R., Schooling, T., & Wang, B. (2015). Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Speech-Language Pathology Treatment for Individuals With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion. American Journal Of Speech-Language Pathology, 24(3), 566-584. doi:10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0120 - has info on psychological factors as well

Morris, M. J., Allan, P. F., & Perkins, P. J. (2006). Vocal cord dysfunction: etiologies and treatment. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 13(2), 73-86. 

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