User:JunwenLai/sandbox

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Definition

Historically, the term is present in

Henry Louis Gates, Jr., who in 1988 provided a comprehensive treatment of this evolution from 1895 to 1925, notes that "blacks regained a public voice, louder and more strident than it had been even during slavery."[2]

More recently, Gates and Gene Andrew Jarrett have discussed a New Negro era of a longer duration, from 1892 through 1938,[3] and Brent Hayes Edwards has pushed investigations of New Negro culture far beyond Harlem, noting that "the 'New Negro' movement [was] at the same time a 'new' black internationalism."[4] This internationalism developed in relation to informal cultural exchange among black figures in the United States, France,[5] and the Caribbean.[6] New Negro cultural internationalism also grew out of New Negro work in the United States's official international diplomacy.[7]

Between 1919 to 1925

With the end of the First World War and the rise of the Harlem Renaissance, the term "New Negro" was widely publicized as a synonym for African American who will radically defend their interests against violence and inequality. An article in The Messenger journal published in August 1920, entitled "The New Negro - What Is He?"[8] by The Editors, provides a clear picture of the term, defining that "New Negro" will be radical and self-defending to pursue the right to political and social equality, unlike the gentleness of the Old Negro and who satisfied with the status quo.

Subsequently, in 1925, Alain Locke published the article "Enter the New Negro[9]" and defined "New Negro" ​​as "augury of a new democracy in American culture.[9]" Locke took the term to a new level. Locke described the negative impression of blacks on their racial values ​​in long-term repression of a racist society and also made African Americans distorted their social status, and they all needed to take a new attitude to look at themselves. He pointed out that the thinking new Blacks committed to combat stereotypes, awaken black national consciousness and pride, as well as improve the social status of African Americans.

Origins of the Term

1895

  1. ^ "A New African American Identity: The Harlem Renaissance". National Museum of African American History and Culture. 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  2. doi:10.2307/2928478
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  3. ^ Gates and Jarrett, eds (2007). The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation, and African American Culture, 1892-1938. Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ Edwards, Brent (2003). The Practice of Diaspora: Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 2.
  5. ^ Edwards. The Practice of Diaspora.
  6. ^ Stephens, Michelle (2005). Black Empire: The Masculine Global Imaginary of Caribbean Intellectuals in the United States, 1914-1962. Durham: Duke University Press.
  7. ^ Roberts, Brian (2013). Artistic Ambassadors: Literary and International Representation of the New Negro Era. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  8. ^ "The New Negro - What Is He?". The Messenger. V. 1-2: pp.73. August, 1920. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b Locke, Alain (March 1925). "Enter the New Negro" (PDF). Enter the New Negro – via National Humanities Center Resource.
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