User:Jzafiros
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History
Timeline of Events
- 1971- 295,000 high school girls play sports in comparison to 3,600,000 boys[4].
- 1972- Congress passes title IX on June 23, 1972 by President Nixon, but the law makes no reference to having gender equity in athletics. [5].
- 1975- The official reference to equal funding in athletics is added to the Title IX amendments.[6].
- 1984- A case against Title IX happens and won the right to remove Title IX in athletic programs.[7].
- 1988- The Civil Rights Restoration Act is passed which stated, “All educational institutions that receive any type of federal funding, whether indirect or direct, were to comply with Title IX restrictions.”[8].
- 1999- 2,400,000 high school girls are participating in sports programs. [9].
Benefits For Women
More women are participating in sports because Title IX has given them the opportunity to do so. Because these women are participating in sports they have benefited in terms of being a lot healthier and having a better psychological state of mind.
- “Girls who participate in some kind of sport experience have a higher than average level of self-esteem and lower levels of depression.”[10].
- “Teenage female athletes are less likely to elicit drugs, less likely to be suicidal, less likely to smoke and more likely to have positive body images than female non-athletes.”[11].
- Women who participate in sports are more likely to volunteer in the community, vote, be able to feel comfortable when giving a public statement, and watch the news. All these aspects women have more of a chance of acting upon than a non-female athlete.[12].
- “Team sports participation is associated with a lower prevalence of sexual risk taking behaviors for young women.”[13].
Impacts On Men's Athletics
While Title IX has had a great benefit for women over the past 35 years it had a negative impact on men’s athletics. Over the years many non-revenue men’s teams have been cut due to having to provide equal opportunity for both male and female. “What happened is that the government told universities that the only way to abide by Title IX was to achieve what’s called proportionality. That means that if half the student body is female, half the athletes should be as well.”[14].This leaves the college in a tricky situation because if the university has to many athletes it has only two options, either it can add more women’s teams, which would require a lot of money, or it can cut back on the number of men.[15].An example of Title IX affecting males is a gymnast Steve McCain. He was ranked number 3 in the nation at UCLA and was training for the Olympic games when in 1994 the school decided to drop men’s gymnastics. UCLA had one of the top gymnastics programs at the time and they dropped the team out of nowhere to comply with Title IX. That is just one example of many of male student athletes being told to clean out there lockers and move to another school.
- Men’s Teams that have highest risk of being cut
- Gymnastics
- Tennis
- Track and Field
- Swimming
- Wrestling
These
Notes
- ^ About Title IX. 1 March 2009.http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/aboutRE.htm
- ^ About Title IX. 1 March 2009. http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/aboutRE.html
- ^ “Title IX Athletic Statistics.” AAUW.org. 1 March 2009 http://www.aauw.org/advocacy/laf/lafnetwork/library/athleticStatistics.cfm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ Donelly, Kara, Sheila Kilkelly, Nicky Berman. “Title IX: Gender Equality In Sports.” Needham High school. 1 March 2009 http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2002_p5/baker%20p5-7_sk_kd_nb_1-02/title_ix2.htm
- ^ “Title IX Athletic Statistics.” AAUW.org. 1 March 2009 http://www.aauw.org/advocacy/laf/lafnetwork/library/athleticStatistics.cfm
- ^ “Title IX Athletic Statistics.” AAUW.org. 1 March 2009 http://www.aauw.org/advocacy/laf/lafnetwork/library/athleticStatistics.cfm
- ^ “Title IX Athletic Statistics.” AAUW.org. 1 March 2009 http://www.aauw.org/advocacy/laf/lafnetwork/library/athleticStatistics.cfm
- ^ “Title IX Athletic Statistics.” AAUW.org. 1 March 2009 http://www.aauw.org/advocacy/laf/lafnetwork/library/athleticStatistics.cfm
- ^ Leung, Rebecca. “The Battle Over Title IX.” CBSnews.com. 29 June 2003. 1 March 2009.http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/06/27/60minutes/main560723.shtm
- ^ Leung, Rebecca. “The Battle Over Title IX.” CBSnews.com. 29 June 2003. 1 March 2009.http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/06/27/60minutes/main560723.shtm