User:Snowmanonahoe/Saigon Execution
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Saigon Execution, also called Street Execution of a Viet Cong Prisoner, is a 1968 photograph by
Background
Nguyễn Văn Lém was a VC captain.
Nguyễn Ngọc Loan was the chief of the Republic of Vietnam National Police (RVNP),[7] and brigadier general of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN).[3] He had anticipated the Tet Offensive, and was responsible for coordinating the ARVN response in Saigon – including leading the RVNP to capture the Ấn Quang Pagoda, which the VC were using as a base of operations.[8]
Execution and photograph
The NBC and AP crews arrived at the Ấn Quang Pagoda the same morning, and having seen nothing of interest by noon, were preparing to leave.[11] Then, they saw Lém, captured by ARVN marines, being walked up the street. The NBC cameramen began filming.[d][3] The Marines stopped at the Pagoda, where they presented Lém to Loan.[e][3] Loan instructed a marine to shoot him. The marine was reluctant, so Loan unholstered his gun. Adams believed Loan only did so to intimidate Lém, but nonetheless prepared to take a photo. As Loan fired his gun, Adams took the picture.[11] Suu's video camera followed Lém as he dropped to the ground, blood spurting out of his head.[13] Loan addressed the journalists:[14]
Many Americans have been killed these last few days, and many of my best Vietnamese friends. Now do you understand? Buddha will understand.
Effects
Press coverage
Reactions
Immigration and Naturalization Service charges
Legacy
Interviews of Eddie Adams
Scholarly analysis
Footnotes
- ^ Born 1933;[2] Vietnamese: [ŋwiəŋ˨˩˦ vaŋ˧˧ lɛm˧˥]; code name Bảy Lốp[2] (pronounced [ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ lop̚˦˥])
- ^ In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Nguyễn. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Lém.
- ^ Bảy means "seventh child".[2][5] James S. Robbins wrote that Lốp was inherited from his wife.[2] Virginia Morris wrote that it came from their front business.[5]
- ^ Võ Huỳnh and Võ Suu were on opposite sides of the street. Huỳnh carried a silent film camera, and Suu a sound-on-film camera.[3]
- ^ After capturing the pagoda, Loan was using it as a base of operations himself.[11]
Citations
- ^ Malkowski 2017, p. 58.
- ^ a b c d e f Robbins 2010, p. 145.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bailey & Lichty 1972, p. 222.
- ^ Braestrup 1983, p. 348.
- ^ a b c Morris & Hills 2018, p. 25.
- ^ Robbins 2010, pp. 145–146.
- ^ Robbins 2010, p. 93.
- ^ Robbins 2010, p. 150.
- ^ Robbins 2010, p. 151.
- ^ Robbins 2010, p. 152.
- ^ a b c d Robbins 2010, p. 153.
- ^ Bailey & Lichty 1972, pp. 224–7.
- ^ Robbins 2010, p. 154.
- ^ Bailey & Lichty 1972, p. 223.
References
- Bailey, George A.; Lichty, Lawrence W. (June 1, 1972). "Rough Justice on a Saigon Street: A Gatekeeper Study of NBC's Tet Execution Film". Journalism Quarterly. 49 (2): 221–238. ISSN 0022-5533.
- OL 3491247M.
- Hariman, Robert; Lucaites, John Louis (2015). "Street Execution of a Viet Cong Prisoner, Saigon, 1968". In Hill, Jason E.; Schwartz, Vanessa R. (eds.). Getting the picture: The visual culture of the news. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-4725-2422-5.
- Kerby, Martin (December 5, 2018). Kerby, Martin; Baguley, Margaret; McDonald, Janet (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Artistic and Cultural Responses to War since 1914: The British Isles, the United States and Australasia. Springer. LCCN 2018960999.
- Malkowski, Jennifer (2017). Hill, Jason E.; Schwartz, Vanessa R. (eds.). Dying in Full Detail: Mortality and Digital Documentary (2nd ed.). Durham and London: OCLC 1103683280.
- Morris, Virginia; Hills, Clive A. (2018). Ho Chi Minh's blueprint for revolution: In the words of Vietnamese strategists and operatives. Jefferson: )
- OL 7870734M.
- OL 23972233M.
- Zohar, Ayelet (September 3, 2021). "An Exploration of the Scarcity of Asian Images in Morimura Yasumasa's Oeuvre, 1991–2010". Third Text. 35 (5): 569–590. ISSN 0952-8822.