User:Stempera/Synaptic gating

Wikipedia Proposal: Synaptic gating

Main points

General definition:

Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to "gate" inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see

Gate theory of pain

); however, recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission.

Synaptic gating and neuromodulation

Requires a “gatekeeper” (‘gating involves the momentary control of synaptic efficacy by a neuron other than the neuron being gated’)
Long term potentiation, synaptic facilitation and augmentation, though forms of neuromodulation, are not considered gating mechanisms

Suppressive gating (selective inhibition)

Primary afferent depolarization (PAD)
Sensory gating (selective attention)

Permissive gating

Intrinsic neuromodulation
Presynaptic receptor facilitation
Voltage facilitation

Synaptic gating and disease

ADHD and anxiety: theory of comorbidity
Parkinsons disease

References

Katz, Paul S. (2003). Synaptic Gating: The Potential to Open Closed Doors. Current Biology 13: R554-R556.
A.I. Ivanov and R.L. Calabrese, Modulation of spike-mediated synaptic transmission by presynaptic background Ca2+ in leech heart interneurons, J. Neurosci. 23 (2003), pp. 1206–1218.
C.G. Evans, J. Jing, S.C. Rosen and E.C. Cropper, Regulation of spike initiation and propagation in an Aplysia sensory neuron: gating-in via central depolarization, J. Neurosci. 23 (2003), pp. 2920–2931.
J. Herberholz, B.L. Antonsen and D.H. Edwards, A lateral excitatory network in the escape circuit of crayfish, J. Neurosci. 22 (2002), pp. 9078–9085.
Rudomin P. (1999). Presynaptic selection of afferent inflow in the spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Paris) 93, 329-347.
Büschges A., El Manira A. (1998). Sensory pathways and their modulation in the control of locomotion. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8, 733-739.
Levy F. (2004) Synaptic gating and ADHD: a biological theory of comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 29(9):1589-96.
Surmeier DJ. (2010). alpha-Synuclein at the synaptic gate. Neuron 61(1): 3-4.

Division of workload:

We have decided to schedule times that we can all meet to work together on the various parts of this project. We think that this is the best way for all of us to discuss and understand fully the topic so that we can create a cohesive article.