Victoriano Lorenzo

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For the Panamanian corregimiento, see Victoriano Lorenzo, Panama.
Victoriano Lorenzo
Thousand Days War

Victoriano Lorenzo is considered one of the great heroes of

Thousand Days War shortly after which Panama
gained its separation after many different attempts dating back to 1830.

Life

Lorenzo was born sometime around the 1870s to poor

Penonome
.

After many attempts to address indigenous grievances about land rights, abuses, and economic disadvantages through the judicial and state bureaucracies, he became frustrated and allied his indigenous fighters with the Liberal cause.

Pacific coast skirmish which killed a conservative mayor and garnered him arms from the Liberals.[1] He commanded his troops into battle in Aguadulce in January 1902, in which over 750 troops were killed or wounded on both sides, and his Liberal allies claimed 700 prisoners.[citation needed] Later that year, when hundreds of Liberal troops came from Nicaragua, Lorenzo sent his secretary, Papi Aizpuru, to meet them.[citation needed] Becoming one of the most wanted men by the Colombian central government,[1] General Lorenzo and his wife, Lorenza Ibarra, led his soldiers to a base in the mountains known as La Trinchera, where he turned to guerrilla war to advance his cause,[citation needed] and averted many assassination attempts by Conservatives.[1]

The end of the Thousand Days War resulted in a defeat for the Liberals. General Benjamín Herrera, who had previously fought alongside Lorenzo in Aguadulce, signed a peace treaty with the Conservatives.[citation needed] Victoriano Lorenzo and his followers refused to give up their arms and insisted on continuing their struggle.[citation needed] After Herrera ordered his arrest,[citation needed] Lorenzo was lured into an ambush.[1] Victoriano Lorenzo was executed on May 15, 1903[1] at the Plaza Francia, a tall sea wall, on the side facing Amador.[3] Panama separated from Colombia less than seven months later. Lorenzo is buried in the Amador Cemetery.[4]

The Panamanian public was greatly dismayed by Lorenzo's execution. Public disapproval at this execution resulted in this being the last recorded execution in Panama.[5] It was a factor leading the Liberals to accept Panama’s separation from Colombia,[6][1] and led to the disappearance of Conservatives from Panamanian politics for some years thereafter.[1] Many indigenous people in Panama understand his assassination as the defeat of their autonomous land rights and access to representation in the Panamanian state structure.[2]

Legacy

Monument to Victoriano Lorenzo, located at Amador, Panama City

Lorenzo became a national legend in Panama. Today, several monuments and plaques exist in Cocle and

Somoza regime in 1976 known as the Victoriano Lorenzo Brigade. On January 30, 1966, the Panamanian National Assembly formally declared his execution unjust.[5] In 2003, Panama City's Mayor Juan Carlos Navarro (PRD) also issued a formal proclamation of Lorenzo's innocence.[1] Carlos Francisco Chang Marín, the Panamanian poet and novelist alluded to Lorenzo in almost all his works in an effort to place him as a founding father of Panama. To Chang Marín, Lorenzo was the first true Panamanian whose life story and identity parallel that of Panama as a nation.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jackson, Eric (2003). "Victoriano Lorenzo, a century after his execution". The Panama News. Archived from the original on 17 October 2003.
  2. ^ a b c Müller-Schwarze, Nina K. (2015). The Blood of Victoriano Lorenzo: An Ethnography of the Cholos of Northern Coclé Province. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Press.
  3. ^ Jackson, Eric (August 22, 2016). "The Wall on the margins of the Casco Viejo's memory". Panama News. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  4. ^ Ana Teresa Benjamín (7 March 2004). "Los líos de Amador". La Prensa. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  5. ^ a b Hi.di. – The History Reporter (March 28, 2010). "Death Penalty in Panama Put to the People". The Panama Digest. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  6. ^ Jackson, Eric (May 22, 2016). "Noriega: the important question is more about us than about him". The Panama News.
  7. S2CID 145260899
    .

Further reading
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