Wallace Clement Sabine
Wallace Clement Sabine | |
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Percy Bridgman | |
Relatives | Annie W. S. Siebert (sister) |
Wallace Clement Sabine (June 13, 1868 – January 10, 1919) was an American
Early life
Wallace Clement Sabine was born on June 13, 1868, in Richwood, Ohio.[2] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Ohio State University in 1886 at the age of 18. He then attended Harvard University and graduated with a Master of Arts in 1888.[2]
His sister was Annie W. S. Siebert.[3]
Career
After graduating, Sabine became an assistant professor of physics at Harvard in 1889. He became an instructor in 1890 and a member of the faculty in 1892. In 1895, he became an assistant professor and in 1905, he was promoted to professor of physics.[2] In October 1906, he became dean of the Lawrence Scientific School, succeeding Nathaniel Shaler.[2]
Sabine's career is the story of the birth of the field of modern
Sabine tackled the problem by trying to determine what made the Fogg Lecture Hall different from other, acoustically acceptable facilities. In particular, the
Sabine was able to determine, through the experiments, that a definitive relationship exists between the quality of the acoustics, the size of the chamber, and the amount of absorption surface present. He formally defined the
His formula[5] is
where
- T = the reverberation time
- V = the room volume
- A = the effective absorption area
By studying various rooms judged acoustically optimal for their intended uses, Sabine determined that acoustically appropriate concert halls had reverberation times of 2-2.25 seconds (with shorter reverberation times, a music hall seems too "dry" to the listener), while optimal lecture hall acoustics featured reverberation times of slightly under 1 second. Regarding the Fogg Museum lecture room, Sabine noted that a spoken word remained audible for about 5.5 seconds, or about an additional 12-15 words if the speaker continued talking. Listeners thus contended with a very high degree of resonance and echo. Sabine's work was continued by his cousin Paul Earls Sabine at the Riverbank Laboratories from 1919.[6]
Using what he discovered, Sabine deployed sound absorbing materials throughout the Fogg Lecture Hall to cut its reverberation time and reduce the "echo effect." This accomplishment cemented Wallace Sabine's career, and led to his hiring as the acoustical consultant for Boston's
The unit of sound absorption, the
Personal life
Sabine had a wife and two daughters.[2]
Death
Sabine died on January 11, 1919, at his home in Boston, Massachusetts.[2]
See also
- Akoustolith
- Acoustics
- Wallace Clement Sabine Medal of the Acoustical Society of America
References
- ^ Gerrit Petersen; Steven Ledbetter & Kimberly Alexander Shilland (June 26, 1998). "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Symphony Hall" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
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(help) - ^ Wikidata Q116476158.
- ^ Ohio State University Monthly. Ohio State University Alumni Association. 1923. p. 55.
- ^ Christopher Hail, Cambridge Buildings and Architects https://wayback.archive-it.org/5488/20170330145539/http://hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/refshelf/cba/c.html
- ^ "Acoustics Engineering - Sabin".
- ISSN 0161-1194.
- LCCN 68-54957.
The unit of absorption is sometimes called the sabin, in honor of Wallace Sabine, whose pioneering work laid the foundations for our present knowledge of the subject.
Further reading
- Reverberation and the Art of Architectural Acoustics
- Emily Thompson, The soundscape of modernity : architectural acoustics and the culture of listening in America, 1900 - 1933 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
- F. Alton Everest, Master Handbook of Acoustics, Fourth Edition, 2001
- Wallace Clement Sabine, Collected Papers on Acoustics (New York: Dover Publications, 1964) [first published by Harvard University Press, 1922]
- January 10, 1919: Death of Wallace Sabine, pioneer of architectural acoustics, American Physical Society News 20, January (2011).