William Stephen Finsen

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William Stephen Finsen
Born(1905-07-28)28 July 1905
Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony
Died16 May 1979(1979-05-16) (aged 73)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Alma materUniversity of Cape Town[1]
Known forFinsen eyepiece interferometer
SpouseGertrude Ada Camerer (m.1928)
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
InstitutionsUnion Observatory, South Africa

William Stephen Finsen

Republic Observatory in 1961).[3]

Biography

Finsen was born in 1905 in Johannesburg,

Republic Observatory (1961).[3]

Both Finsen and van den Bos were vocally opposed to South African government's plan to close and amalgamate the Republic Observatory with the

Sutherland, Northern Cape in 1974, as they feared it would lead to termination of the well-established programmes of observation of binary stars and asteroids. Their fears would later be proven correct as those programmes were terminated.[7]

Asteroid 433 Eros

Finsen invented an eyepiece interferometer which allowed measurement of very close double stars. His original device was used for many years at the astronomy department of the

space probe pictures in 1965.[9][10] Finsen continued his observations of double stars after his official retirement from the observatory.[1]

During the second world war Finsen produced some basic films on astronomy which were used to train navigators. He also designed the Finsen Sun Compass to be used by armoured vehicle drivers in the desert campaigns. The standard magnetic compasses were useless owing to the large amount of metal in the vehicles.[1]

Finsen also developed a stomach contents sampler at the request of a specialist physician. Shaped like a pill, once swallowed the small device would open inside the patient's stomach after a pre-determined time and sample the stomach contents.[1]

Tweedledee and Tweedledum

Φ 332 (Finsen 332) is a tiny and difficult double-double star at 18:45 / +5°30', named Tweedledee and Tweedledum by Finsen, who was, by the time of his 1953 discovery, struck by the nearly identical position angles and separations of it.[11][12][13]

Membership, awards and recognition

  • The
    1794 Finsen
    is named after him. Finsen first observed the asteroid in 1937.
  • The geological feature Finsen Dorsum on the asteroid 433 Eros is named after him. Finsen had detected Eros' elongated shape.[14]
  • President of the ASSA 1949–1950[1]
  • Awarded the Gill Medal in 1967.[1]
  • Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society – proposed in 1925 by Robert T. A. Innes[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Overbeek, M. D. (1997). "W. S. Finsen: More Than a Double Star Astronomer". Monthly Notes of the Astron. Soc. Southern Africa. 56: 74.
    Bibcode:1997MNSSA..56...74O
    .
  2. ^ a b "Society Business: Candidates proposed; Fellows elected". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 86: 62. 11 December 1925.
    doi:10.1093/mnras/86.2.61
    .
  3. ^ a b Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers.
    ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0
    .
  4. ^ "William Stephen Finsen (1905–1979)". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Tórshavn (Thorshavn) sókn, Streymoy (Strømø), Færøerne / Kirkebøger / Kirkebog 1852 - 1875 Tórshavn (Thorshavn) / Opslag Nr. 24 - Fødte Mænd 1860-1861". danishfamilysearch.dk. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  6. ^ "Tórshavn (Thorshavn) sókn, Streymoy (Strømø), Færøerne / Kirkebøger / Kirkebog 1868 - 1882 Tórshavn (Thorshavn) / Opslag Nr. 14 - Fødte Mænd". danishfamilysearch.dk. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  7. ^ Docobo, J. A.; Andrade, M. (26 October 2012). "Dynamical and physical properties of 22 binaries discovered by W. S. Finsen". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 428 (1): 321–339.
    ISSN 0035-8711
    .
  8. ^ "Eyepieces". ASSA. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  9. ^ "Interesting Aspects about Astronomers". ASSA. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  10. ^ "History – Astronomers – FinsenWS". saao.ac.za. 22 September 2004. Archived from the original on 22 September 2004. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  11. ^ Sky Catalogue 2000.0, Volume 2: Double Stars, Variable Stars, and Nonstellar Objects (edited by Alan Hirshfeld and Roger W. Sinnott, 1985), Chapter 3: Glossary of Selected Astronomical Names.
  12. ^ Sky and Telescope, November 1961, page 263.
  13. ^ Deep-Sky Name Index 2000.0 - Hugh C. Maddocks (Foxon-Maddocks Associates, 1991).
  14. ^ "Planetary Names: Dorsum, dorsa: Finsen Dorsum on Eros". Planetary Names. Retrieved 23 August 2019.

External links

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