Algeciras
Algeciras | ||
---|---|---|
Municipality | ||
Postal code 11200-11209 | ||
Dialing code | (+34) 956/856 | |
Website | Official website |
Algeciras (Spanish:
The
The surrounding metro area also includes the municipalities of
Name
The Arabic name for the settlement founded by Muslims after the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula was al-Jazīrah al-Khaḍrāʾ (الجزيرة الخضراء, "The Green Island"), in reference to Isla Verde.[4] Al-Jazīra(t) gave the modern Spanish Algeciras.[5][n. 1] Algeciras' site was also that of Roman cities called Portus Albus ("White Harbor"), Caetaria (current Getares) and Iulia Traducta. In the later "Byzantine" period, the site would come to be known in Greek as Mesopotámenoi (Μεσοποτάμενοι), meaning "between rivers/canals".
History
The area of the city has been populated since prehistory, and the earliest remains belong to Neanderthal populations from the Paleolithic era.
Due to its strategic position it was an important port under the Phoenicians, and was the site of the relevant Roman port of Portus Albus ("White Port"), with two nearby cities called Caetaria (possibly founded by the Iberians) and Iulia Traducta, founded by the Romans.[6]
Recently it has been proposed that the site of Iulia Transducta was the Villa Vieja of Algeciras.[7][8]
After being destroyed by the
In the year 859 AD Viking troops on board 62
It enjoyed a brief period of independence as a
Vowing to counter the Castilian expansion initiated by 1265,
In 1278, Algeciras was
The Marinid grip over the town further increased in the ensuing decades, and the place turned into a Marinid stronghold from which razzias were launched into the still incipient Christian settlements in the Lower Guadalquivir and the Guadalete area.[12]
In July 1309,
On winning the city, Alfonso XI made it the seat of a new
Left relatively unguarded during the
Algeciras was refounded after 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar following the territory's capture by Anglo-Dutch forces in the
It was fortified to guard against British raids with installations such as the
The city became the scene for settling a major international crisis as it hosted the
In 1982 there was a failed plan codenamed Operation Algeciras conceived by the Argentinian military to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar during the Falklands War. The Spanish authorities intervened just before the attack, and deported the two Argentine Montoneros and military liaison officer involved.[30]
Geography
Location
Algeciras is located in the southern end of the
The municipality spans across a total area of 87.96 km2 (33.96 sq mi),[2] bordering with the municipalities of Los Barrios and Tarifa. The lower course of the river Palmones forms part of the boundary of Algeciras with the municipality of Los Barrios.[32]
The urban agglomeration formed by Algeciras and the surrounding settlements is the sixth largest in Andalusia and the third largest off the region's coast.[31]
Climate
Algeciras has a
Climate data for Algeciras | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 121.9 (4.80) |
106.7 (4.20) |
106.7 (4.20) |
66.0 (2.60) |
38.1 (1.50) |
10.2 (0.40) |
0.0 (0.0) |
2.5 (0.10) |
25.4 (1.00) |
76.2 (3.00) |
149.9 (5.90) |
132.1 (5.20) |
835.7 (32.90) |
Source: The Weather Channel[34] |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 °C (61 °F) | 15 °C (59 °F) | 16 °C (61 °F) | 16 °C (61 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 19 °C (66 °F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 20 °C (68 °F) | 18 °C (64 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) |
Population
Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 103,106 | 104,087 | 105,066 | 106,710 | 108,779 | 109,665 | 111,283 | 112,937 | 114,012 | 115,333 | 116,209 | 116,417 | 117,810 | 116,917 | 114,277 | 117,974 | 118,920 | 121,133 |
Economy
Algeciras is principally a transport hub and industrial city. Its main activities are connected with the Port of Algeciras, which serves as the main embarkation point between Spain and Tangier and other ports in Morocco as well as the Canary Islands and the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. It is ranked as the 16th busiest port in the world. The city also has a substantial fishing industry and exports a range of agricultural products from the surrounding area, including cereals, tobacco and farm animals.
In recent years it has become a significant tourist destination, with popular day trips to Tarifa to see bird migrations; to Gibraltar to see the territory's sights and culture; and to the Bay of Gibraltar on whale watching excursions.
Algeciras is the southern terminus of two principal north–south
Tourism
Places of interest include:
- Parque Natural del Estrecho
- Parque Natural Los Alcornocales
Transport
Public transport
The bus urban transport in managed by C.T.M. (Cooperativa de transporte de Marruecos).
- Bus lines:
- Line 1: Bajadilla-Pajarete
- Line 2: Colinas-San Bernabé-Reconquista
- Line 3: Rinconcillo
- Line 4: La Granja
- Line 5: Bahía de Algeciras
- Line 6: Juliana
- Line 7: Saladillo
- Line 8: San García-Saladillo
- Line 9: San García Directo
- Line 10: El Cobre
- Line 11: La Piñera
- Line 12: San García playa
- Line 16: Cementerio-Centro Penitenciario
- Line 18: Cortijo Vides-Piñera
- Line 19: Puerto-S.J.Artesano-Rinconcillo
- Line 21: San García – Residencia – Puerto – Parque
Rail
The Algeciras Gibraltar Railway Company built the Algeciras-Bobadilla railway line, which connects Algeciras railway station to Bobadilla, Antequera and continues to the rest of Spain, the train line terminates near the port of Algeciras.
Road
The main routes serving Algeciras include:
- European route E15
- European route E05
- Autopista AP-7
- Autovía A-48
- N-340
- GR 7
Intercity buses
The main bus station is located next to the train station. Several bus companies operate intercity bus services from and to Algeciras.[36]
Airport
The nearest airports are:
- Gibraltar Airport– to 20 km (12 mi)
- Jerez Airport – to 100 km (62 mi)
- Málaga Airport – to 120 km (75 mi)
In addition, the Algeciras Heliport is being built for transport to Ceuta and other areas in the region.
Monuments
- Hornos Romanos del Rinconcillo (first century B.C.). (furnaces)
- Factoría de salazones de la calle San Nicolás (first century). (salt meat factory)
- La Villa Vieja, torres de la Huerta del Carmen (tenth century). (Towers)
- Parque Arqueológico de las Murallas Meriníes (thirteenth century). (Archeological Park)
- Capilla de Nuestra Señora de Europa(1690). (Chapel)
- Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Palma (1736). (Church)
- Hospital de La Caridad, (1748).
- Capilla de la Caridad (1752). (Chapel)
- Casa Consistorial (1756). (City Council)
- Capilla de San Servando (1774). (Chapel)
- Capilla del Santo Cristo de la Alameda (1776). (Chapel)
- Plaza Alta (1807).
- Mercado de Abastos de Algeciras of engineer Eduardo Torroja Miret (1935). (Supplies Market)
- Art School Building. (1971) architect: Fernando Garrido Gutiérrez.
- Faro de Isla Verde. Project of Jaime Font, constructed in 1864. (Light)
- Hotel Reina Cristina (1901).
- District de San Isidro, typical district designed in the twentieth century.
Celebrations
- Arrastre de latas (5, January).
- Feria Real de Algeciras (June).
- Fiestas patronales en honor de Ntra. Sra. la Virgen de la Palma (August).
- Fiesta de los Tosantos (1, November).
- Carnival of Algeciras.
Sports
Algeciras CF, the association football club, founded in 1912, plays usually in the third-tier Segunda División B, with past spells in the lower Tercera División and the higher Segunda División. They play home games at the Estadio Nuevo Mirador.
Education
Universidad de Cádiz – Campus Bahia de Algeciras
The following education centres are property of the University of Cádiz:
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Algeciras
- Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Algeciras
- Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Jurídicos y Económicos del Campo de Gibraltar "Francisco Tomás y Valiente"
- Escuela Universitaria de Magisterio "Virgen de Europa"
- Centro Universitario de Derecho de Algeciras (CUDA)
- Campus Bahia de Algeciras (in Spanish and English)
Noted Natives of Algeciras
- Yahya Ibn Yahya
- Paco de Lucía
- Ramón de Algeciras
- Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir
- Ana Belén Palomo
- Cristóbal Delgado Gómez
- José María Sánchez-Verdú
- Álvaro Morte
- Canelita
Sister cities
- Ceuta, Spain
- Neda, Spain
- Dakhla, Western Sahara
See also
- List of port cities of the Mediterranean Sea
Informational notes
- Gezira in Sudan, as well as the country of Algeria and its capital, Algiers, as well as with the news network Al Jazeera.
References
- Citations
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ a b "Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales". Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- Junta de Andalucía(Spanish)
- ^ "Algeciras | Spain". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
- ^ José Soto Chica y Ana María Berenjeno (2014). «La última posesión bizantina en la península ibérica: Mesopotamenoi-Mesopotaminoi. Nuevas aportaciones para su identificación.». II Jornadas de Estudios Bizantinos: De Roma a Bizancio: el territorio en el sureste peninsular.
- ^ a b O'Shea, Henry George (1865). A Guide to Spain. Longmans, Green. p. 91. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique (2001a). "La supuesta ubicación de Iulia Traducta en Tarifa". Aljaranda (in Spanish) (21). Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
- ISBN 978-84-475-3257-5. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
- ISBN 978-1-84150-966-2. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ García Fernández 1987, p. 61.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-533403-6. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ García Fernández 1987, p. 62.
- ^ Bulas fundacionales de la Diócesis de Cádiz (III). La creación de la Diócesis de Algeciras
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 829
- ^ Gómez de Avellaneda Sabio 2018, p. 101.
- ISBN 978-0-8061-2552-7. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ Gómez de Avellaneda Sabio 2018, p. 110; 112.
- ^ Gómez de Avellaneda Sabio 2018, pp. 109–110.
- ISBN 978-1-61251-084-2. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ Eugene Newton Anderson, The first Moroccan Crisis, 1904–1906 (1930)
- ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9.
- ISBN 978-1-74335-009-6. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ Tremlett, Giles (24 July 2004). "Falklands war nearly spread to Gibraltar". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Campo de Gibraltar" (PDF). Seville: Centro de Estudios Paisaje y Territorio. p. 286.
- ^ "Recomendaciones para la Adaptación de los Municipios Litorales Gaditanos a los Efectos del Cambio Climático" (PDF). Diputación de Cádiz. 2019. p. 60.
- ^ "OLAS DE FRÍO, ENTRADAS FRÍAS Y TEMPORALES DE NIEVE EN ESPAÑA 1830 - 1985". Tiempo (in Spanish). 5 July 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Algeciras, Spain". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Gibraltar Climate Guide". weather2travel.com. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Algeciras: Stations". Travelinho.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
- Algeciras. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2006.
- Algeciras. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004
- Lonely Planet Andalucia, Lonely Planet, 2005
- Bibliography
- García Fernández, Manuel (1987). "Algeciras 1344–1369" (PDF). Estudios de historia y de arqueología medievales. 7–8: 59–76.
- Gómez de Avellaneda Sabio, Carlos (2018). "Gibraltar, causa de la destrucción de Algeciras en el siglo XIV y la verdadera fecha de esta" (PDF). Almoraima. Revista de Estudios Campogibraltareños (48). Algeciras: Instituto de Estudios Campogibraltareños: 101–114.
- Ocaña Torres, Mario L.; Sáez Rodríguez, Ángel; Castillo Navarro, Luis Alberto del; Gómez Arroquia, Maribel; Torremocha Silva, Antonio; Vicente Lara, Juan Ignacio de; Pardo González, Juan Carlos; Téllez Rubio, Juan José (2001). "Capítulo V: El siglo XVIII: el resurgimiento". Historia de Algeciras. Tomo II. Algeciras moderna y contemporánea (PDF). Cádiz: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Diputación de Cádiz. pp. 15–118. ISBN 84-95388-34-0. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
External links
- (in Spanish) Ayuntamiento de Algeciras
- (in Spanish) Expoalgeciras: Images Gallery (History and present from Algeciras with old and current photographs)