Aris Velouchiotis
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Aris Velouchiotis | |
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Greek People's Liberation Army | |
Political party | Communist Party of Greece |
Athanasios Klaras (
Early years
Athanasios Klaras was born in Lamia, Greece in 1905, to an upper urban class family of Aromanian origin.[2] His father was Dimitrios Klaras, a well-known lawyer in the area and his mother was Aglaia Zerva. Initially Klaras studied journalism, but later attended and graduated from the Geoponic School of Larissa. He left for Athens, where he did various jobs, participated in the leftist and antimilitary movement and later became a member of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). During the 1920s and 30s he was jailed several times for different offenses.
He became an editor in the communist Rizospastis and wrote several articles supporting socialist revolution. In 1931, an article of Klaras caused the intervention of the authorities, who shut down the newspaper and proceeded to prosecute its editors. The newspaper was republished as Neos Rizospastis.
"If there is a moment in my life which I see with pride is when I entered the communist party.......It is honour for me and the communist party, because I survived from the corruption of my consciousness and I adorned Klaras, who was a lost case, with only pure revolutionary characteristics."
From a letter of Klaras to Rizospastis, 1931
During the
World War II: From Klaras to Aris
During World War II, he fought as an artillery private of the Hellenic Army at the
After Germany's
The first appearance of the
One of the most important early operations of the Greek resistance movement (in which Velouchiotis and his fighters, after negotiations with the British, agreed to participate alongside
The destruction of the Gorgopotamos viaduct was to be the last operation where the communist-influenced ELAS organization fought alongside Greek Republican resistance forces, such as the
Liberation and expulsion from Communist Party
In October 1944, when the Nazis evacuated Greece, ELAS was the dominant force in most of the Greek cities, except Athens, while EAM had established its own government, the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA).
Velouchiotis passed from Central Greece to Peloponnese to clear the region from the Security Battalions, and fought several battles against them.
The British, with units of the Greek Army, were landed in Greece (
".......Who therefore is a patriot? They or us? Capital doesn't have a country and seeks profit in whatever country it is able to. That is why it isn't concerned for the existence of borders and the state. But all we own are our hats and the small kerb in front of us ...So, who can be interested more in their country? They, who remove the capital from the country, or us who are stuck on our doorsteps here?......"
From Velouchiotis speech in Lamia[5]
During the Dekemvriana events in Athens, he was sent by the Party to Epirus, where he attacked the forces of Zervas' EDES, which evacuated the region of Epirus and passed to the Ionian islands.
When the
The leadership of the Communist Party, under Nikos Zachariadis, consequently accused him of treachery and of being a "suspicious and adventurous element" and spurned him as a member of KKE.[6][7] The Communist Party was always suspicious of Velouchiotis's actions even though he had been the founder of ELAS because of his status as a simple party member, his old renouncement of the party and his fickle character.
Death
Velouchiotis moved again to the mountains of Central Greece in order to start an insurgency (see Greek Civil War) against the new government and the British allies who supported them. He was reported to have denounced the sell-out to the British in the Varkiza Agreement to lay down the National Resistance arms; particularly moving was the sight of his elite massed Mavroskoufides (Black Berets) openly mourning. He was outmaneuvered by the KKE leadership and resolved to leave Greece; he repeatedly requested permission from the party to be allowed to depart, but was refused.
His intention was to create a new
Rumours want him to "have committed suicide with his commander Tzavellas when his thoughts were that there is no better future for his revolution".[8]
The corpses of Velouchiotis and Tzavellas were subsequently decapitated, and the heads displayed (a practice of the pre-war Greek State and Police for the common mountain bandits), hanging from a lamp post in the central square of the town of Trikala.
When British Labour government members of Parliament objected[citation needed] to the barbarity of the operation, they received the reply that the display was in accordance to an "ancient Greek war custom".[citation needed]
Following the rehabilitation in Greece of the EAM/ELAS and subsequently of the Communist party itself (after the end of the
Legacy
Velouchiotis is one of the most controversial figures of modern Greek history. His personality and action was mythologized during his life and after his death. Supporters consider him a symbol of Greek resistance against the
See also
Notes
- ^ "Το αναπάντεχο στυλ του Άρη Βελουχιώτη (1905-1945)". 27 March 2019.
- ISBN 9789600327847.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-78663-148-0.
- ISBN 978-1-78663-148-0.
- ^ The last speech of Velouchiotis
- ^ ΚΚΕ, επίσημα κείμενα, τ8
- ^ Δοκίμιο Ιστορίας του ΚΚΕ
- ^ For a complete presentation of the circumstances of Velouchiotis' death see: Χαριτόπουλος, Διονύσης (Charitopoulos, Dionysis) (2003). Άρης, ο Αρχηγός των Ατάκτων (Aris, the Leader of the Rebels). Athens: Ελληνικά Γράμματα (Ellinika Grammata), 565-571. Charitopoulos takes for granted that Velouchiotis committed a "heroic" suicide.
- ISBN 1-85065-487-5, pp. 4-5.
- ISBN 978-0-521-24342-1.[page needed]
Further reading
- Χαριτόπουλος, Διονύσης (Charitopoulos, Dionysis) (2009). Άρης, ο Αρχηγός των Ατάκτων (Aris, the Leader of the Irregulars) (3rd ed.). Athens: Τόπος (Topos). ISBN 978-960-406-538-7."
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Extensive biography in Greek, published also in English in 2012 by the same publisher as "Aris, Lord of the Mountains Archived 2016-05-28 at the Wayback Machine