Emmanouil Tsouderos
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Emmanouil Tsouderos | |
---|---|
Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός | |
Prime Minister of Greece (in exile) | |
In office 21 April 1941 – 13 April 1944 | |
Monarch | George II |
Preceded by | Alexandros Koryzis |
Succeeded by | Sofoklis Venizelos |
Personal details | |
Born | 19 July 1882 Greece |
Occupation | Lawyer, economist |
Signature | |
Emmanouil Tsouderos (
Early life and studies
Emmanuel Tsouderos was born in 1882 in
Career in politics
He returned to Crete aged 24, and was elected Member of Parliament of the Cretan Legislature (1906–1912), when Crete had autonomous status under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire and was under the protection of Russia, Britain, France and Italy.
After the union of Crete with Greece in December 1913, he was elected to the
In 1928, when the Central Bank of Greece was established, Tsouderos was appointed its first vice-Governor, and in 1931 its Governor.[3]
Prime minister
Following the suicide of Prime Minister
Tsouderos fled again during the Battle of Crete. He went to the Middle East and later Egypt. Tsouderos headed the Greek government in exile from 29 April 1941 until 13 April 1944. Although he was the internationally recognized as the Prime Minister of Greece (in opposition to the numerous prime ministers who were the figureheads of the collaborationist Hellenic State), in practice he had little influence inside Greece's borders. This government was initially located in London, but subsequently moved to Cairo. In Spring of 1944, the Greek Army and Navy mutinied.[7] Among their demands was resignation of the King and Tsouderos.[7] He served in the subsequent government in exile under Sofoklis Venizelos.
Post-War Greece
Following the Greek Civil War, Tsouderos would go on to lead the Democratic Progressive Party (Dimokratikon Proodefitikon Komma).[8] During the 1950 Election, Tsouderos formed a coalition government with Nikolaos Plasitiras' Progressive Liberal Center Party (Komma Proodefitkon Fileleftheron Kentrou),[8] to form the National Progressive Center Union (Ethniki Proodetiki Enosis Kentrou)
After the end of World War II Tsouderos served in different capacities, until his death at the age of 73 in Nervi, Genoa, Italy on 10 February 1956.[2]
Personal life
He was married and had three children:
- Ioannes (John) Tsouderos (1923–1997) – Greek Politician in the 1960s and 1970s
- Athena Tsouderos
- Virginia Tsouderos (1924–2018) – Served as Secretary of the Foreign Minister of Greece (Aug. 1991 – Oct. 1993)
Awards
- Order of George I, 1941[3]
References
- ISBN 0550100946.
- ^ a b "M.Tsouderos War-Time Premier Of Greece Obituary". The Times. London. 11 February 1956. pp. 9, Issue 53452, col C. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2008.
- ^ a b Bank of Greece Archived 10 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Koliopoulos 1976–1977, pp. 68–70.
- ^ Koliopoulos 1976–1977, pp. 71–72.
- ^ Koliopoulos 1976–1977, pp. 73–74.
- ^ S2CID 154156560.
- ^ S2CID 154083131.
Sources
- Koliopoulos, Ioannis S. (1976–1977). "Η στρατιωτική και πολιτική κρίση στην Ελλάδα τον Απρίλιο του 1941" [The Military and Political Crisis in Greece in April 1941] (PDF). Μνήμων (in Greek). 6: 53–74. .
- See Marguarita Dritsas, Hellenic Open University, for her definitive biography of Tsourderos, based on his personal papers in the Bank of Greece Archives. [Dritsas, Margarita. (2012). Emmanuel Tsouderos, 1882–1956, Central Banker and Politician. Bank of Greece Publications.][1]