Battle of Kardzhali

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Battle of Kircaali
Adrianople Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
(now Kardzhali, Bulgaria)
41°39′N 25°22′E / 41.650°N 25.367°E / 41.650; 25.367
Result Bulgarian victory
Belligerents
Bulgaria
 Ottoman EmpireCommanders and leaders Bulgaria Vasil Delov
Bulgaria Garegin Nzhdeh Ottoman Empire Mehmed Yaver PashaStrength 8,700
42 guns c. 9,000
8 gunsCasualties and losses 9 killed
45 wounded[2] 200 killed and wounded
19 captured[2]

The Battle of Kircaali[1] or Battle of Kardzhali[citation needed] was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. It took place on 21 October 1912, when the Bulgarian Haskovo Detachment defeated the Ottoman Kırcaali Detachment of Yaver Pasha and permanently joined Kardzhali and the Eastern Rhodopes to Bulgaria. The anniversary of that event is celebrated annually on 21 October as a holiday of the city.[3]

Positions, strength and plans

Shortly before the war between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, the 2nd Brigade of the

Arda river.[4][5]

The Bulgarian Haskovo Detachment numbered 8,700 soldiers with 42 guns.[6] and opposed the Ottoman Kırcaali Reserve Division (Kırcaali Redif Fırkası) and in the west the left group of the Bulgarian Rodopo Detachment opposed the Ottoman Kırcaali Home Guard Division (Kırcaali Müstahfız Fırkası)[1] that were the parts of the Ottoman Kırcaali Detachment under Yaver Pasha, which was much larger (24,000[4]) but was dispersed and with fewer artillery pieces.[7]

Advance of the Haskovo Detachment

On the first day of the war, 18 October 1912, Delov's detachment advanced south across the border in four columns. The next day, they defeated the Ottoman troops at the villages of Kovancılar (present day: Pchelarovo) and Göklemezler (present day: Stremtsi) and then headed for Kardzhali. The detachment of Yaver Pasha left the town in disorder. With its advance towards Gumuljina, the Haskovo detachment threatened communications between the Ottoman armies in Thrace and Macedonia. For this reason, the Ottomans ordered Yaver Pasha to counter-attack before the Bulgarians could reach Kardzhali but did not send him reinforcements.[8] To follow this order he had in command 9 tabors and 8 guns.[7]

However, the Bulgarians were not aware of the strength of the enemy and on 19 October the Bulgarian High Command (the Headquarters of the Active Army under General Ivan Fichev) ordered General Ivanov to stop the advance of the Haskovo Detachment because it was considered risky. The commander of the 2nd Army, however, did not withdraw his orders and gave Delov freedom of action.[5] The detachment continued with the advance on 20 October. The march was slowed by the torrential rains and the slow movement of the artillery but the Bulgarians reached the heights to the north of Kardzhali before the Ottomans could reorganize.[9]

In the early morning of 21 October Yaver Pasha engaged the Bulgarians in the outskirts of the town. Due to their superior artillery and attacks on bayonet the soldiers of the Haskovo Detachment overran the Ottoman defenses and prevented their attempts to outflank them from the west. The Ottomans were in turn vulnerable to outflanking from the same direction and had to retreat for a second time to the south of the Arda River, leaving behind large quantities of munitions and equipment. At 16:00 the Bulgarians entered Kardzhali.[10]

Aftermath

As a result of the battle most of the population left the town. The Turkish inhabitants of the area fled during the Bulgarian advance.[2][11]

The defeated Ottomans retreated to Mestanlı (present day:

siege of Adrianople. Only a small squad was left in Kardzhali.[12]

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 149.
  2. ^ a b c d Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 163–164
  3. ^ Day of Kardzhali – 21 October (retrieved on 5.01.2010)
  4. ^ a b Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 127
  5. ^ a b Иванов, Балканската война, стр. 43–44
  6. ^ Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 1072
  7. ^ a b Иванов, Балканската война, стр. 60
  8. ^ Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 151–152
  9. ^ Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 153–156
  10. ^ Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 157–163
  11. ^ Иванов, Балканската война, стр. 53, 59
  12. ^ Балканската война 1912–1913, София 1961, стр. 412
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