Dayton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio | |
---|---|
Deeds Carillon | |
EDT) | |
ZIP Codes | ZIP codes[4] |
FIPS code | 39113 |
GNIS feature ID | 1086167[2] |
Website | daytonohio.gov |
Dayton (
Dayton was founded in 1796 along the
Ohio's borders are within 500 miles (800 km) of roughly 60 percent of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure, making Dayton a
History
Dayton was founded on April 1, 1796, by 12 settlers known as the Thompson Party. They traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St. Clair Street, where they found two small camps of Native Americans. Among the Thompson Party was Benjamin Van Cleve,[15] whose memoirs provide insights into the Ohio Valley's history. Two other groups traveling overland arrived several days later.[16] The oldest surviving building is Newcom Tavern, which was used for various purposes, including housing Dayton's first church, which is still in existence.[17]
In 1797,
Innovation
Innovation led to business growth in the region. In 1884,
Dayton has been the home for many patents and inventions since the 1870s.
Birthplace of aviation
Powered aviation began in Dayton. Orville and Wilbur Wright were the first to construct and demonstrate powered flight. Although the first flight was in
When the government tried to move development to Langley field in southern Virginia, six Dayton businessmen including Edward A. Deeds, formed the Dayton-Wright Airplane Company in Moraine and established a flying field. Deeds also opened a field to the north in the flood plain of the Great Miami River between the confluences of that river, the Stillwater River, and the Mad River, near downtown Dayton. Later named McCook Field for Alexander McDowell McCook, an American Civil War general, this became the Army Signal Corps' primary aviation research and training location. Wilbur Wright also purchased land near Huffman prairie to continue their research.
During World War I, the Army purchased 40 acres adjacent to Huffman Prairie for the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot. As airplanes developed more capability, they needed more runway space than McCook could offer, and a new location was sought. The Patterson family formed the Dayton Air Service Committee, Inc which held a campaign that raised $425,000 in two days and purchased 4,520.47 acres (18.2937 km2) northeast of Dayton, including Wilbur Wright Field and the Huffman Prairie Flying Field. Wright Field was "formally dedicated" on October 12, 1927. After World War II, Wright Field and the adjacent Patterson Field, Dayton Army Air Field, and Clinton Army Air Field were merged as the Headquarters, Air Force Technical Base. On January 13, 1948, the facility was renamed Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Great Dayton Flood
A catastrophic flood in March 1913, known as the Great Dayton Flood, led to the creation of the Miami Conservancy District, a series of dams as well as hydraulic pumps installed around Dayton, in 1914.[26]
The war effort
Like other cities across the country, Dayton was heavily involved in the war effort during World War II. Several locations around the city hosted the Dayton Project, a branch of the larger Manhattan Project, to develop polonium triggers used in early atomic bombs.[27] The war efforts led to a manufacturing boom throughout the city, including high demand for housing and other services. At one point, emergency housing was put into place due to a housing shortage in the region, much of which is still in use today.[28]
Post-war Dayton
Between the 1940s and the 1970s, the city saw significant growth in suburban areas from population migration. Veterans were returning from military service in large numbers seeking industrial and manufacturing jobs, a part of the local industry that was expanding rapidly. Advancements in architecture also contributed to the suburban boom. New, modernized shopping centers and the Interstate Highway System allowed workers to commute greater distances and families to live further from the downtown area. More than 127,000 homes were built in Montgomery County during the 1950s.[30]
During this time, the city was the site of several race riots, including one in 1955 following the murder of
Since the 1980s, however, Dayton's population has declined, mainly due to the loss of manufacturing jobs and decentralization of metropolitan areas, as well as the national
Peace accords
In 1995, the
Richard Holbrooke wrote about these events in his memoirs:
There was also a real Dayton out there, a charming Ohio city, famous as the birthplace of the Wright brothers. Its citizens energized us from the outset. Unlike the population of, say, New York City, Geneva or Washington, which would scarcely notice another conference, Daytonians were proud to be part of history. Large signs at the commercial airport hailed Dayton as the "temporary center of international peace." The local newspapers and television stations covered the story from every angle, drawing the people deeper into the proceedings. When we ventured into a restaurant or a shopping center downtown, people crowded around, saying that they were praying for us. Warren Christopher was given at least one standing ovation in a restaurant. Families on the airbase placed "candles of peace" in their front windows, and people gathered in peace vigils outside the base. One day they formed a "peace chain," although it was not large enough to surround the sprawling eight-thousand-acre base. Ohio's famous ethnic diversity was on display.[34]
2000s initiatives
Downtown expansion that began in the 2000s has helped revitalize the city and encourage growth.
In 2010, the Downtown Dayton Partnership, in cooperation with the City of Dayton and community leaders, introduced the Greater Downtown Dayton Plan. It focuses on job creation and retention, infrastructure improvements, housing, recreation, and collaboration. The plan is to be implemented through the year 2020.[39]
Nicknames
Dayton is known as the "Gem City". The nickname's origin is uncertain, but several theories exist. In the early 19th century, a well-known
In a small bend of the Great Miami River, with canals on the east and south, it can be fairly said, without infringing on the rights of others, that Dayton is the gem of all our interior towns. It possesses wealth, refinement, enterprise, and a beautiful country, beautifully developed.[40]
In the late 1840s, Major William D. Bickham of the Dayton Journal began a campaign to nickname Dayton the "Gem City." The name was adopted by the city's Board of Trade several years later.[40] Paul Laurence Dunbar referred to the nickname in his poem, "Toast to Dayton", as noted in the following excerpt:
She shall ever claim our duty,
For she shines—the brightest gem
That has ever decked with beauty
Dear Ohio's diadem.[41]
Dayton also plays a role in a nickname given to the state of Ohio, "Birthplace of Aviation." Dayton is the hometown of the Wright brothers, aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the first practical airplane in history. After their first manned flights in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, which they had chosen due to its ideal weather and climate conditions, the Wrights returned to Dayton and continued testing at nearby Huffman Prairie.[42]
Additionally, Dayton is colloquially referred to as "Little Detroit".[43] This nickname comes from Dayton's prominence as a Midwestern manufacturing center.[44]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.50 square miles (146.33 km2), of which 55.65 square miles (144.13 km2) is land and 0.85 square miles (2.20 km2) is water.[45]
Climate
Dayton's climate features warm, muggy summers and cold, dry winters, and is classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa). Unless otherwise noted, all normal figures quoted within the text below are from the official climatology station, Dayton International Airport, at an elevation of 1,000 ft (304.8 m) about 10 mi (16 km) to the north of downtown Dayton, which lies within the valley of the Miami River; thus temperatures there are typically cooler than in downtown.[46]
At the airport, monthly mean temperatures range from 27.5 °F (−2.5 °C) in January to 74.1 °F (23.4 °C) in July. The highest temperature ever recorded in Dayton was 108 °F (42 °C) on July 22, 1901, and the coldest was −28 °F (−33 °C) on February 13 during the Great Blizzard of 1899. On average, there are 14 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs and 4.5 nights of sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows annually. Snow is moderate, with a normal seasonal accumulation of 23.3 in (59 cm),[a] usually occurring from November to March, occasionally April, and rarely October. Precipitation averages 41.1 inches (1,040 mm) annually, with total rainfall peaking in May.
Dayton is subject to severe weather typical of the Midwestern United States. Tornadoes are possible from the spring to the fall. Floods, blizzards, and severe thunderstorms can also occur.
On Memorial Day of 2019, Dayton suffered extensive property damage and one death during a tornado outbreak, in which a total of 15 tornadoes touched down in the Dayton area.[48] Although some of the tornadoes were only EF0 and remained on the ground for less than a mile, one was an EF4 measuring a half-mile-wide (805 meters), which tore through the communities of Brookville, Trotwood, Dayton, Northridge, and Riverside.[49][50] Several streets were closed, including portions of I-75 and North Dixie Drive in Northridge. 64,000 residents lost power and much of the region's water supply was cut off.[51][48]
Climate data for Dayton, Ohio (Dayton International Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1893–present[c] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
76 (24) |
87 (31) |
90 (32) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
108 (42) |
103 (39) |
102 (39) |
94 (34) |
79 (26) |
72 (22) |
108 (42) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 58.6 (14.8) |
63.0 (17.2) |
71.9 (22.2) |
80.4 (26.9) |
86.6 (30.3) |
91.9 (33.3) |
92.7 (33.7) |
91.8 (33.2) |
89.4 (31.9) |
82.3 (27.9) |
69.7 (20.9) |
61.3 (16.3) |
94.1 (34.5) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 37.1 (2.8) |
41.2 (5.1) |
51.5 (10.8) |
64.5 (18.1) |
74.2 (23.4) |
82.6 (28.1) |
85.9 (29.9) |
84.6 (29.2) |
78.6 (25.9) |
66.2 (19.0) |
52.7 (11.5) |
41.5 (5.3) |
63.4 (17.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.4 (−1.4) |
32.8 (0.4) |
42.1 (5.6) |
53.7 (12.1) |
64.0 (17.8) |
72.7 (22.6) |
76.0 (24.4) |
74.5 (23.6) |
67.7 (19.8) |
56.0 (13.3) |
44.1 (6.7) |
34.3 (1.3) |
53.9 (12.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 21.8 (−5.7) |
24.5 (−4.2) |
32.7 (0.4) |
42.9 (6.1) |
53.8 (12.1) |
62.7 (17.1) |
66.1 (18.9) |
64.3 (17.9) |
56.8 (13.8) |
45.9 (7.7) |
35.4 (1.9) |
27.1 (−2.7) |
44.5 (6.9) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −1.7 (−18.7) |
4.0 (−15.6) |
13.4 (−10.3) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
37.4 (3.0) |
48.7 (9.3) |
53.9 (12.2) |
52.1 (11.2) |
41.9 (5.5) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
19.4 (−7.0) |
7.4 (−13.7) |
−4.6 (−20.3) |
Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) |
−28 (−33) |
−7 (−22) |
15 (−9) |
26 (−3) |
40 (4) |
44 (7) |
40 (4) |
30 (−1) |
18 (−8) |
−2 (−19) |
−20 (−29) |
−28 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.08 (78) |
2.35 (60) |
3.50 (89) |
4.46 (113) |
4.51 (115) |
4.14 (105) |
3.95 (100) |
2.96 (75) |
3.31 (84) |
2.95 (75) |
3.07 (78) |
3.05 (77) |
41.33 (1,050) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 8.3 (21) |
6.6 (17) |
3.9 (9.9) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.8 (2.0) |
4.8 (12) |
25.0 (64) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 13.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 11.9 | 10.6 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 11.8 | 134.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 7.6 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 24.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
72.7 | 72.0 | 69.5 | 64.2 | 65.1 | 66.0 | 68.8 | 71.5 | 71.9 | 69.3 | 73.3 | 75.8 | 70.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 134.0 | 136.6 | 178.4 | 213.2 | 263.1 | 293.7 | 296.2 | 277.4 | 237.6 | 192.9 | 115.7 | 99.9 | 2,438.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 46 | 48 | 54 | 59 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 56 | 39 | 34 | 55 |
Source: |
Climate data for Dayton, Ohio (Miami Conservancy District, downtown), 1991–2020 normals,[d] extremes 1893–present[e] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
77 (25) |
88 (31) |
90 (32) |
98 (37) |
103 (39) |
108 (42) |
105 (41) |
102 (39) |
93 (34) |
81 (27) |
72 (22) |
108 (42) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 60.8 (16.0) |
65.8 (18.8) |
74.9 (23.8) |
83.7 (28.7) |
90.5 (32.5) |
95.5 (35.3) |
96.9 (36.1) |
95.9 (35.5) |
93.1 (33.9) |
85.0 (29.4) |
72.1 (22.3) |
63.4 (17.4) |
98.0 (36.7) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 36.3 (2.4) |
40.2 (4.6) |
50.7 (10.4) |
64.3 (17.9) |
74.9 (23.8) |
83.6 (28.7) |
86.7 (30.4) |
85.8 (29.9) |
79.2 (26.2) |
66.1 (18.9) |
52.0 (11.1) |
40.9 (4.9) |
63.4 (17.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 28.2 (−2.1) |
31.4 (−0.3) |
40.6 (4.8) |
52.9 (11.6) |
63.9 (17.7) |
73.0 (22.8) |
76.2 (24.6) |
74.8 (23.8) |
67.5 (19.7) |
54.8 (12.7) |
42.6 (5.9) |
33.2 (0.7) |
53.3 (11.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.1 (−6.6) |
22.6 (−5.2) |
30.6 (−0.8) |
41.4 (5.2) |
52.9 (11.6) |
62.4 (16.9) |
65.7 (18.7) |
63.9 (17.7) |
55.8 (13.2) |
43.5 (6.4) |
33.1 (0.6) |
25.6 (−3.6) |
43.1 (6.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 1.7 (−16.8) |
7.2 (−13.8) |
15.2 (−9.3) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
39.2 (4.0) |
51.0 (10.6) |
57.0 (13.9) |
55.5 (13.1) |
44.5 (6.9) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
21.8 (−5.7) |
10.6 (−11.9) |
−0.7 (−18.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −21 (−29) |
−28 (−33) |
0 (−18) |
15 (−9) |
28 (−2) |
37 (3) |
45 (7) |
37 (3) |
29 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
0 (−18) |
−16 (−27) |
−28 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.17 (81) |
2.35 (60) |
3.54 (90) |
4.45 (113) |
4.38 (111) |
4.41 (112) |
4.03 (102) |
3.12 (79) |
3.03 (77) |
3.00 (76) |
3.04 (77) |
3.13 (80) |
41.65 (1,058) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.9 (18) |
1.5 (3.8) |
1.7 (4.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
2.1 (5.3) |
12.3 (31) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 12.2 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 12.1 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 128.4 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.1 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 9.7 |
Source: NOAA[47][54] |
Ecology
The Dayton Audubon Society is the
Cityscape
Architecture
Unlike many
A courthouse building was built in downtown Dayton in 1888 to supplement Dayton's original
The Dayton Arcade, which opened on March 3, 1904, was built in the hopes of replacing open-air markets throughout the city. Throughout the decades, the Arcade has gone through many transformations but has retained its charm. Some of its main features include a Flemish facade at the Third Street entrance, a glass dome above the Arcade rotunda, and a chateau roof line above the Third Street facade.[59] The Dayton Arcade is currently under renovations with no official completion date set.
In 2009, the CareSource Management Group finished construction of a $55 million corporate headquarters in downtown Dayton. The 300,000-square-foot (28,000 m2), 10-story building was downtown's first new office tower in more than a decade.[60]
Dayton's two tallest buildings are the
Ted Rall said in 2015 that over the last five decades Dayton has been demolishing some of its architecturally significant buildings to reduce the city's rental vacancy rate and thus increase the occupancy rate.[63]
Neighborhoods
Dayton's ten historic neighborhoods—
is also a large area that encompasses several neighborhoods itself and has seen a recent uplift and revival.Suburbs
Dayton's suburbs with a population of 10,000 or more include Beavercreek, Centerville, Clayton, Englewood, Fairborn, Harrison Township, Huber Heights, Kettering, Miami Township, Miamisburg, Oakwood, Riverside, Springboro, Trotwood, Vandalia, Washington Township, West Carrollton, and Xenia.
In the federal government's National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970, funding was provided for thirteen "new towns" or planned cities throughout the country. One location was set to become a suburb of Dayton and was known variously as Brookwood or Newfields.[65] The goal was to have an entirely new suburb that would eventually house about 35,000 residents. The new town was to be located between Trotwood and Brookville, and modeled on the ideas of Ian McHarg. The project was abandoned in 1978 and most of the land became Sycamore State Park.[66]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1810 | 383 | — | |
1820 | 1,000 | 161.1% | |
1830 | 2,950 | 195.0% | |
1840 | 6,067 | 105.7% | |
1850 | 10,977 | 80.9% | |
1860 | 20,081 | 82.9% | |
1870 | 30,473 | 51.8% | |
1880 | 38,678 | 26.9% | |
1890 | 61,220 | 58.3% | |
1900 | 85,333 | 39.4% | |
1910 | 116,577 | 36.6% | |
1920 | 152,559 | 30.9% | |
1930 | 200,982 | 31.7% | |
1940 | 210,718 | 4.8% | |
1950 | 243,872 | 15.7% | |
1960 | 262,332 | 7.6% | |
1970 | 243,601 | −7.1% | |
1980 | 193,536 | −20.6% | |
1990 | 182,044 | −5.9% | |
2000 | 166,179 | −8.7% | |
2010 | 141,759 | −14.7% | |
2020 | 137,644 | −2.9% | |
2023 (est.) | 135,512 | [3] | −1.5% |
United States Census Bureau |
Dayton's city proper population declined significantly from a peak of 262,332 residents in 1960 to 137,644 residents in 2020. This was in part due to the slowdown of the region's manufacturing sector. The metropolitan area as a whole has experienced both population growth and decreases since 1960, with the overall trend leaning towards growth for the metro area.[67] The city's most populous ethnic group, white, declined from 78.1% in 1960 to 51.7% by 2010.[68]
2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 137,644 people living in the city, for a population density of 2,466.47 people per square mile (952.31/km2). There were 68,899 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 47.6%
There were 63,308 households, out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.5% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 38.2% had a female householder with no spouse present. 47.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95, and the average family size was 2.83.[69]
18.9% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 65.0% were 18 to 64, and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.4. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males.[69]
According to the U.S. Census
2010 census
As of the 2010 census,
There were 58,404 households, of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 21.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.8% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26, and the average family size was 3.03.
The median age in the city was 34.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64, and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.
Crime
Dayton's crime declined between 2003 and 2008 in key categories according to FBI Uniform Crime Reports and Dayton Police Department data.[71] In 2009, crime continued to fall in the city of Dayton. Crime in the categories of forcible rape, aggravated assault, property crime, motor vehicle theft, robbery, burglary, theft and arson all showed declines for 2009. Overall, crime in Dayton dropped 40% over the previous year.[72] The Dayton Police Department reported a total of 39 murders in 2016, which marked a 39.3% increase in homicides from 2015.[73]
On August 4, 2019, a mass shooting took place in Dayton. Ten people were killed, including the perpetrator, and twenty-seven were injured.[76]
Economy
Dayton's economy is relatively diversified and vital to the overall economy of the state of Ohio. In 2008 and 2009,
Research and development
The Dayton region gave birth to aviation[88] and is known for its high concentration of aerospace and aviation technology. In 2009, Governor Ted Strickland designated Dayton as Ohio's aerospace innovation hub, the state's first such technology hub.[89] Two major United States research and development organizations have leveraged Dayton's historical leadership in aviation and maintain their headquarters in the area: The National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).[90] Both have their headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.[91]
Several research organizations support NASIC, AFRL, and the Dayton community. The
Healthcare
The
The Dayton region has several key institutes and centers for health care. The Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton focuses on the science and development of human tissue regeneration. The National Center for Medical Readiness (NCMR) is also in the Dayton area. The center includes Calamityville, which is a disaster training facility. Over five years, Calamityville is estimated to have a regional economic impact of $374 million.[95] Also, the Neurological Institute at Miami Valley Hospital is an institute focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of neurological disorders.
Top employers
According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[96] the top employers in the city proper are:
Rank | Employer | Employees (2019) |
Employees (2018) |
Employees (2017) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Premier Health Partners
|
12,425 | 12,138 | 13,858 |
2 | Kettering Health Network
|
9,319 | 8,909 | 8,415 |
3 | Montgomery County | 4,284 | 4,366 | 4,383 |
4 | Dayton Children's Hospital | 3,341 | 2,974 | 2,467 |
5 | Sinclair Community College | 3,163 | 3,085 | 3,094 |
6 | CareSource | 3,021 | 2,800 | 2,200 |
7 | University of Dayton | 3,000 | 3,028 | 2,964 |
8 | Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center | 2,425 | 2,403 | 2,268 |
9 | Dayton Public Schools | 2,062 | 2,062 | 2,062 |
10 | City of Dayton | 1,963 | 1,972 | 1,900 |
Arts and culture
Fine arts
The Dayton Region ranked within the top 10% in the nation in
The
Dayton is the home to several ballet companies including:
- The dance company.[110]
- The Dayton Contemporary Dance Company (established in 1968), which hosts the largest repertory of African-American-based contemporary dance in the world.[who?] The company travels nationally and internationally and has been recognized by critics worldwide.[who?]
Front Street, the largest artists' collective in Dayton, is housed in three industrial buildings on East Second Street.[111][112][113]
Entertainment
The
The Dayton area is served by Five Rivers MetroParks, encompassing 14,161 acres (5,731 ha) over 23 facilities for year-round recreation, education, and conservation.[115] In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, the MetroParks maintains over 70 miles (113 km) of paved, multi-use scenic trails that connect Montgomery County with Greene, Miami, Warren, and Butler counties.[116][117]
Dayton was home to a thriving funk music scene from the 1970s to the early 1980s, that included bands such as Ohio Players, Roger Troutman & Zapp, Lakeside, Sun, Dayton, Heatwave, and Slave.[118]
Dayton was also the birthplace to several influential indie and punk bands such as The Breeders, Guided by Voices, and Brainiac.[119]
From 1996 to 1998, Dayton hosted the
The Dayton area hosts several arenas and venues. South of Dayton in
The
The city of Dayton is also host to yearly
Cuisine
The city's fine dining restaurants include The Pine Club, a nationally known steakhouse.[128][129][130][131]
Dayton is home to a variety of
Notable Dayton-based restaurant chains include Hot Head Burritos.[136]
In addition to restaurants, the city is also home to
The city began developing a reputation for its number of breweries and craft beer venues by the late 2010s.[139][140]
Religion
Many major religions are represented in Dayton. Christianity is represented in Dayton by dozens of denominations and their respective churches.
Tourism
Tourism also accounts for one out of every 14 private sector jobs in the county. Tourism in the Dayton region is led by the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, the largest and oldest military aviation museum in the world.[143] The museum draws over 1.3 million visitors per year and is one of the most-visited tourist attractions in Ohio.[144][145] The museum houses the National Aviation Hall of Fame.
Other museums also play significant roles in the tourism and economy of the Dayton area. The Dayton Art Institute, a museum of fine arts, owns collections containing more than 20,000 objects spanning 5,000 years of art and archaeological history.[146] The Dayton Art Institute was rated one of the top 10 best art museums in the United States for children.[147] The Boonshoft Museum of Discovery is a children's museum of science with numerous exhibits, one of which includes an indoor zoo with nearly 100 different animals.[148]
There are also some notable historical museums in the region. The
Parks and recreation
Dayton was named National Geographic's outdoor adventure capital of the Midwest in 2019 due in large part to the metropolitan area's revitalized Five Rivers MetroPark, extensive bicycle and jogging trail system, urban green spaces, lakes and camping areas.[151]
In cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, Five Rivers MetroParks hosts 340 miles of paved trails, the largest network of paved off-street trails in the United States.[153][116][117] The regional trail system represents over 35% of the 900 miles in Ohio's off-street trail network.[154] In 2010, the city of Troy was named "bike friendly" by the League of American Bicyclists, which gave the city the organization's bronze designation.[155] The honorable mention made Dayton one of two cities in Ohio to receive the award, the other being Columbus, and one of 15 cities nationwide.[155]
Sports
The Dayton area is home to several minor league and semi pro teams, as well as NCAA Division I sports programs.
Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dayton Dragons | Midwest League | Baseball | Day Air Ballpark | 2000 |
Gem City Roller Derby | Women's Flat Track Derby Association | Roller Derby | Dayton Convention Center | 2006 |
Dayton Dutch Lions | USL League Two | Soccer | DOC Stadium | 2009 |
Dayton Dynamo
|
National Premier Soccer League | Soccer | Roger Glass Stadium | 2015 |
Dayton Flyers | NCAA Division I | (multiple) | (Baseball) | 1903 |
Wright State Raiders | NCAA Division I | (multiple) | (Baseball) | 1968 |
Dayton Area Rugby Club | Midwest Division II | Rugby Union Rugby Sevens |
Dayton Rugby Grounds | 1969 |
The
The
The Dayton Gems were a minor league
Despite the folding of the Bombers, hockey remained in Dayton as the
Dayton hosted the first American Professional Football Association game (precursor to the NFL). The game was played at Triangle Park between the Dayton Triangles and the Columbus Panhandles on October 3, 1920, and is considered one of the first professional football games ever played.[163] Football teams in the Dayton area include the Dayton Flyers and the Dayton Sharks.
The Dayton region is also known for the many golf courses and clubs that it hosts. The Miami Valley Golf Club, Moraine Country Club, NCR Country Club, and the Pipestone Golf Course are some of the more notable courses. Also, several PGA Championships have been held at area golf courses. The Miami Valley Golf Club hosted the 1957 PGA Championship, the Moraine Country Club hosted the 1945 PGA Championship, and the NCR Country club hosted the 1969 PGA Championship. Additionally, NCR CC hosted the 1986 U.S. Women's Open, the 2005 U.S. Senior Open, the 2013 State Team Championships and most recently the 2022 Senior Women's Open. Other notable courses include the Yankee Trace Golf Club, the Beavercreek Golf Club, Dayton Meadowbrook Country Club, Sycamore Creek Country Club, Heatherwoode Golf Club, Community Golf Course, and Kitty Hawk Golf Course.[164]
The city of Dayton is the home to the Dayton Area Rugby Club which hosts their home games at the Dayton Rugby Grounds. As of 2018, the club fields two men's and one women's side for Rugby Union and several Rugby Sevens sides. The club also hosts the annual Gem City 7's tournament.
Government
The Dayton City Commission is composed of the mayor and four city commissioners. Each city commission member is elected at-large on a non-partisan basis for four-year, overlapping terms. All policy items are decided by the city commission, which is empowered by the City Charter to pass ordinances and resolutions, adopt regulations, and appoint the city manager. The city manager is responsible for budgeting and implementing policies and initiatives. Dayton was the first large American city to adopt the city manager (Henry Matson Waite) form of municipal government, in 1913.[165][166]
Education
Public schools
- Belmont High
- Meadowdale High
- Paul Laurence Dunbar High
- Ponitz Career Technology Center
- Stivers School for the Arts
- Thurgood Marshall High
Private schools
The city of Dayton has more than 35 private schools within the city,[168] including:
- Archbishop Alter High School
- Carroll High School
- Chaminade Julienne Catholic High School
- Dayton Christian School
- Dominion Academy of Dayton
- The Miami Valley School
- Spring Valley Academy
Charter schools
Dayton has 33 charter schools.[169] Three of the top five charter schools named in 2011 are K–8 schools managed by National Heritage Academies.[170] Notable charter schools include:
- Dayton Early College Academy
- Emerson Academy
- North Dayton School of Discovery
- Pathway School of Discovery
- Richard Allen Schools
Colleges and universities
The Dayton area was ranked tenth for higher education among
The public
Dayton is also home to Sinclair Community College, the largest community college at a single location in Ohio[176] and one of the nation's largest community colleges.[177] Sinclair is acclaimed as one of the country's best community colleges.[178] Sinclair was founded as the YMCA college in 1887.
Other schools just outside Dayton that shape the educational landscape are
Institutions
- Boonshoft School of Medicine
- Dayton Art Institute
- Ohio Institute of Photography and Technology
- School of Advertising Art
- Wright State University
Media
Dayton is served in print by
There are numerous magazines produced in and for the Dayton region. The Dayton Magazine provides insight into arts, food, and events. Focus on Business is published by the Chamber of Commerce to provide awareness of companies and initiatives affecting the regional economy
Television
Radio
Dayton is also served by 42 AM and FM radio stations directly, and numerous other stations are heard from elsewhere in southwest Ohio, which serve outlying suburbs and adjoining counties.[180]
Transportation
Public transit
The Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority (RTA) operates public bus routes in the Dayton metro area. In addition to routes covered by traditional diesel-powered buses, RTA has several electric trolley bus routes. The Dayton trolleybus system is the second longest-running of the five remaining trolleybus systems in the U.S., having entered service in 1933.[181] It is the present manifestation of an electric transit service that has operated continuously in Dayton since 1888.
Dayton operates a Greyhound Station which provides inter-city bus transportation to and from Dayton. The hub is in the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority North-West hub in Trotwood.[182]
Airports
Dayton International Airport lies in a northern exclave of the city and offers service to 21 markets through 10 airlines. In 2008, it served 2.9 million passengers. The Dayton International Airport is also a significant regional air freight hub hosting FedEx Express, UPS Airlines, United States Postal Service, and major commercial freight carriers.[183]
The Dayton area also has several regional airports. The
Major highways
The Dayton region is primarily served by three interstates:
- Interstate 75 runs north to south through the city of Dayton and many of Dayton's north and south suburbs, including Kettering and Centerville south of Dayton and Vandalia, Tipp City, and Troy north of Dayton.
- U.S. Department of Transportation in 2004.[187]I-70 is the major route to the airport.
- Interstate 675 is a partial interstate ring on the southeastern and eastern suburbs of Dayton. It runs northeast to south and connects to I-70 to the northeast and I-75 to the south.
Other major routes for the region include:
- .
- Route 40 is a major east–west highway that runs parallel to (and 2 miles north of) I-70
- State Route 4 is a freeway that is most heavily traveled between I-75 and I-70.
- State Route 444 is north–south state highway. Its southern terminus is at its interchange with Route 4, and its northern terminus is at Interstate 675. This limited-access road serves Dayton and Fairborn and is a significant route to access points serving Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
From 2010 through 2017, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) performed a $533 million construction project to modify, reconstruct and widen I-75 through downtown Dayton, from Edwin C Moses Blvd. to Stanley Avenue.[188]
Rail
Dayton hosts several inter-modal freight railroad terminals. Two
Formerly the
Sister cities
Dayton's sister cities are:[191]
- Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Augsburg, Germany
- Holon, Israel
- Monrovia, Liberia
- Ōiso, Japan
- Rushmoor, England
Notable people
See also
- List of mayors of Dayton, Ohio
- List of people from Dayton, Ohio
- List of U.S. cities with large Black populations
- National Aviation Hall of Fame
- Politics of Dayton, Ohio
- USS Dayton, 2 ships
- Delco Electronics Corporation
- National Cash Register Corporation
Explanatory notes
- ^ This is far less than the snowbelt regions of northeast Ohio due to distance from the Great Lakes and slightly less than the generally warmer Columbus.[47]
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Dayton were kept at the Dayton COOP from June 1893 to July 9, 1911, alternating between the Weather Bureau Office and Miami Conservancy District from July 10, 1911, to December 1947, and at Dayton Int'l since January 1948. For more information, see Threadex
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ The station location is 39°45′49″N 84°11′29″W / 39.7636°N 84.1915°W, less than 100 m (330 ft) from the banks of the Miami River.
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- ^ "TREND Information". Archived from the original on June 9, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
- ^ "Boonshoft School of Medicine research". Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ^ "Sinclair largest community college". Retrieved July 24, 2009.
- ^ "Sinclair Community College Information". Microsoft. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ^ Greenhouse, Steven (August 15, 2009). "NY Times article Sinclair". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
- ^ "What People Watch, Listen To and Buy | Nielsen". Nielsenmedia.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
- ^ DAYTON OH, RadioStationWorld. Retrieved on October 2, 2009.
- ^ North American Trackless Trolley Association's DATA BOOK II (1979), pages 9 & 10 of the All-Time Operators List, v4.
- ^ "Bus Stop". Greyhound.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
- ^ "Dayton International Airport Freight Operations". Archived from the original on May 29, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
- ^ "Airport Information Overview". Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ^ "Trotwood Dahio Airport". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Moraine Airpark Information". Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Freedom Veterans Crossroads news release". Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ "Interstate 75 modernization project Dayton". Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Dayton's Rail Freight Information". Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to the Dayton Sister City Committee". The Dayton Sister City Committee. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
Further reading
- Conover, Charlotte Reeve. Dayton, Ohio : an intimate history (1995) online
- Drury, Augustus Waldo. History of the City of Dayton and Montgomery County, Ohio (S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1909). online
- Funk, Nellis R. A Pictorial History of the Great Dayton Flood, March 25, 26, 27, 1913 (1913) online; a primary source
- Millsap, Adam. "How the Gem city lost its luster and how it can get it back: A case study of Dayton, Ohio." Mercatus Research Paper (2017). online
- Pocock, Emil. "Popular Roots of Jacksonian Democracy: The Case of Dayton, Ohio, 1815-1830." Journal of the Early Republic 9.4 (1989): 489–515. online
- Sealander, Judith. Grand Plans: Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio's Miami Valley, 1890-1929 (1988) on Dayton and surrounding region.
- Sharts, Joseph W. Biography Of Dayton - An Economic Interpretation of Local History (1922) online
- Walker, John T. "Socialism in Dayton, Ohio, 1912 to 1925: Its membership, organization, and demise." Labor History 26.3 (1985): 384–404.
- Watras, Joseph. "The Racial Desegregation of Dayton, Ohio, Public Schools, 1966–2008." Ohio History 117.1 (2010): 93–107. online
External links