Innsbruck
Innsbruck
Innschbruck (Bavarian) | ||
---|---|---|
From top, left to right: Bürgerstraße, Conradstraße, view of Innsbruck, St. Anne's Column in Maria-Theresien-Straße, Stift Wilten, Ambras Castle, Altes Landhaus | ||
Postal code 6010–6080 | ||
Area code | 0512 | |
Vehicle registration | I | |
Website | innsbruck.at |
Innsbruck (German: [ˈɪnsbʁʊk] ; Austro-Bavarian: Innschbruck [ˈɪnʃprʊk]) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass 30 km (19 mi) to the south, it had a population of 132,493 in 2018.
In the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the
History
Antiquity
The earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age. Surviving pre-Roman place names show that the area has been populated continuously. In the 4th century the Romans established the army station Veldidena (the name survives in today's urban district Wilten) at Oenipons (Innsbruck), to protect the economically important commercial road from Verona-Brenner-Augsburg in their province of Raetia.
The first mention of Innsbruck dates back to the name Oeni Pontum or Oeni Pons which is
Early history
Innsbruck became the capital of all Tyrol in 1429 and in the 15th century the city became a centre of European politics and culture as Emperor
In 1564
The university was founded in 1669. Also as a compensation for the court as Emperor Leopold I again reigned from Vienna and the Tyrolean stirps of the Habsburg dynasty had ended in 1665.[clarification needed]
During the
The Tyrolean hero Andreas Hofer was executed in Mantua; his remains were returned to Innsbruck in 1823 and interred in the Franciscan church.
During World War I, the only recorded action taking place in Innsbruck was near the end of the war. On 20 February 1918, Allied planes flying out of Italy raided Innsbruck, causing casualties among the Austrian troops there. No damage to the town is recorded.[7] In November 1918 Innsbruck and all Tyrol were occupied by the 20 to 22 thousand soldiers of the III Corps of the First Italian Army.[8]
In 1929, the first official Austrian Chess Championship was held in Innsbruck.
Annexation and World War II
In 1938 Austria was annexed by
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
In 1996, the European Union approved further cultural and economic integration between the Austrian province of
Geography
Climate
Innsbruck has a
Spring is brief; days start to get warm, often over 15 °C (59 °F), but nights remain cool or even freezing.
Summer is highly variable and unpredictable. Days can be cool 17 °C (63 °F) and rainy, or sunny and extremely hot, sometimes hitting 34 °C (93 °F). In summer, as expected for an alpine-influenced climate, the
The average annual temperature is 9 °C (48 °F).
Climate data for Innsbruck-Flugplatz (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
15.2 (59.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
4.6 (40.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) |
−18.4 (−1.1) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−18.4 (−1.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46.6 (1.83) |
36.8 (1.45) |
54.1 (2.13) |
54.5 (2.15) |
85.9 (3.38) |
114.2 (4.50) |
121.4 (4.78) |
134.9 (5.31) |
83.0 (3.27) |
67.9 (2.67) |
59.1 (2.33) |
54.8 (2.16) |
913.2 (35.96) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.9 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 13 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 118.7 |
Source: NOAA NCEI[11]
|
Climate data for Innsbruck University (1981–2010, extremes 1777–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
33.7 (92.7) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.3 (61.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) |
−26.9 (−16.4) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
41 (1.6) |
57 (2.2) |
58 (2.3) |
84 (3.3) |
115 (4.5) |
136 (5.4) |
130 (5.1) |
80 (3.1) |
59 (2.3) |
60 (2.4) |
51 (2.0) |
911 (35.9) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 25 (9.8) |
28 (11) |
12 (4.7) |
3 (1.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
11 (4.3) |
21 (8.3) |
99 (39) |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00)
|
60.8 | 52.9 | 46.1 | 43.1 | 43.7 | 46.6 | 46.8 | 49.7 | 50.6 | 52.3 | 60.8 | 60.8 | 51.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 100 | 123 | 165 | 183 | 206 | 198 | 231 | 212 | 183 | 163 | 101 | 83 | 1,949 |
Percent possible sunshine | 50.3 | 50.4 | 49.9 | 48.1 | 49.2 | 45.8 | 53.8 | 52.7 | 53.8 | 55.9 | 46.7 | 44.6 | 50.1 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[17] |
Climate data for Innsbruck-Flugplatz (LOWI) 1971–2000 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
37.7 (99.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
37.7 (99.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
14.7 (58.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.8 (−10.8) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−20.1 (−4.2) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.9 (1.73) |
41.4 (1.63) |
55.9 (2.20) |
57.7 (2.27) |
87.1 (3.43) |
110.3 (4.34) |
137.2 (5.40) |
111.3 (4.38) |
78.1 (3.07) |
57.3 (2.26) |
63.2 (2.49) |
53.1 (2.09) |
896.5 (35.30) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 25.6 (10.1) |
30.0 (11.8) |
12.5 (4.9) |
3.5 (1.4) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.8 (0.3) |
12.0 (4.7) |
25.9 (10.2) |
110.3 (43.4) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.4 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 13.2 | 13.9 | 12.6 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 118.2 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00)
|
64.0 | 54.2 | 45.2 | 44.2 | 42.6 | 46.7 | 47.5 | 49.0 | 49.2 | 50.9 | 61.2 | 69.5 | 52.0 |
Source: |
Climate data for Innsbruck University (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.1 (93.4) |
37.4 (99.3) |
35.5 (95.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
37.4 (99.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.8 (38.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42.5 (1.67) |
36.8 (1.45) |
53.8 (2.12) |
58.8 (2.31) |
83.2 (3.28) |
111.8 (4.40) |
134.3 (5.29) |
116.5 (4.59) |
78.1 (3.07) |
56.1 (2.21) |
62.4 (2.46) |
48.8 (1.92) |
883.1 (34.77) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 21.8 (8.6) |
28.4 (11.2) |
12.6 (5.0) |
4.1 (1.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.7 (0.7) |
10.8 (4.3) |
15.9 (6.3) |
95.3 (37.5) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.6 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 12.5 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 117.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00)
|
61.0 | 53.0 | 45.4 | 43.9 | 43.5 | 47.3 | 47.8 | 49.2 | 50.4 | 51.8 | 60.5 | 66.7 | 51.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 94.7 | 121.1 | 154.2 | 168.2 | 193.0 | 186.8 | 215.5 | 214.4 | 180.0 | 159.0 | 102.2 | 82.8 | 1,871.9 |
Percent possible sunshine | 39.1 | 48.8 | 45.3 | 43.3 | 45.9 | 43.8 | 50.1 | 52.6 | 54.6 | 53.3 | 46.5 | 43.8 | 47.4 |
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[18]
|
Boroughs and statistical divisions
Innsbruck is divided into nine boroughs (cadastral settlements) that were formed from previously independent municipalities or villages.[20] These nine boroughs are further divided into twenty wards (cadastral districts). All wards are within one borough, except for the ward of Hungerburg (Upper Innsbruck), which is divided between two. For statistical purposes, Innsbruck is further divided into forty-two statistical units (Statistischer Bezirk) and 178 numbered blocks (Zählsprengel).[21]
The following are the nine boroughs with the population as of 31 October 2011:[22]
- Innsbruck (inner city) (18.524), consisting of Oldtown (Altstadt), Dreiheiligen-Schlachthof, and Saggen
- Wilten (15.772), consisting of Mentlberg, Sieglanger, and Wilten West
- Pradl (30.890), consisting of Pradler-Saggen, Reichenau, and Tivoli
- Hötting (31.246), consisting of Höttinger Au, Hötting West, Sadrach, Allerheiligen, Kranebitten, and part of Hungerburg
- Mühlau (4.750), consisting of part of Hungerburg
- Amras (5.403), consisting of Roßau
- Arzl (10.293), consisting of Neuarzl and Olympisches Dorf
- Vill (535)
- Igls (2.204)
Places of interest
Mountains
Buildings and monuments
- Old Inn Bridge (Alte Innbrücke)
- Ambras Castle
- Andreas Hofer's tomb
- St. Anne's Column (Annasäule)
- Bergisel Ski Jump
- Büchsenhausen Castle
- Canisianum
- Casino
- City Hall (Stadtsaal)
- Golden Roof(Goldenes Dachl)
- Helbling House (Helblinghaus)
- Imperial Palace(Hofburg)
- Hungerburgbahn
- Leopold Fountain (Leopoldsbrunnen)
- Maria-Theresien-Straße
- Maximilian's Cenotaph and the Black Men (Schwarzen Männer)
- Old Federal State Parliament (Altes Landhaus)
- Old Town (Altstadt)
- Silver Chapel (Silberne Kapelle)
- City Tower (Stadtturm)
- Triumphal Arch (Triumphpforte)
- Tyrolean State Theatre
Museums
- Alpine Club Museum
- Ambras Castle
- Armoury
- City Archives
- Grassmayr Bell Foundry and Museum
- Innsbruck Stubaital station
- Kaiserjäger Museum
- Tyrol Panorama Museum (Das Tirol Panorama)
- Tyrolean Folk Art Museum (Tiroler Volkunstmuseum)
- Tyrolean State Museum (Tiroler Landesmuseum or Ferdinandeum)
- Tyrolean Museum Railways(Tiroler Museumsbahnen)
Churches
- Court Church (Hofkirche)
- Innsbruck Cathedral (Dom zu St. Jakob)
- Old Ursuline Church
- Jesuit Church
- Church of Our Lady
- Church of Our Lady of Perpectual Succour
- Servite Church
- Hospital Church
- Ursuline Church
- Wilten Abbey (Stift Wilten)
- Wilten Basilica (Wiltener Basilika)
- Holy Trinity Church
- St. John's Church
- St. Theresa's Church (Hungerburg)
- Pradler Parish Church
- St. Paul's State Memorial Church in the Reichenau
- Evangelical Church of Christ
- Evangelical Church of the Resurrection
- Old Höttingen Parish Church
- Höttingen Parish Church
- Parish Church of St. Nicholas
- Parish Church of Neu-Arzl
- Parish Church of St. Norbert
- Parish Church of Maria am Gestade
- Parish Church of the Good Shepherd
- Parish Church of St. George
- Parish Church of St. Paul
- Parish Church of St. Pirminius
- Church of the Guardian Angel
Parks and gardens
- Alpine Zoo (Alpenzoo)
- Baggersee Innsbruck
- Innsbruck University Botanic Garden
- Hofgarten (Court Garden)
- Rapoldi-Weiher Park
- Ambras Castle Park (Schlosspark Ambras)
Gallery
-
Ambras Castle
-
Armoury
-
City Tower (Stadtturm)
-
Helblinghaus
-
Innsbruck from the Inn river (looking towards Nordkette)
-
Maximilian's Cenotaph and the Black Men in the Court Church
-
Old Town (Altstadt) with the Goldenes Dachl
-
Siebenkreuzkapelle
-
Tyrolean State Museum (Tiroler Landesmuseum)
Government and politics
The results of the 2018 local elections were:
- Austrian Green Party24.16% (left)
- Freedom Party of Austria 18.56% (right)
- Für Innsbruck 16.15% (conservative)
- Austrian People's Party 12.17% (conservative)
- Social Democratic Party of Austria 10.32% (left)
- NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum 4.73% (center)
- Bürgerforum Tirol – Liste Fritz (FRITZ) 3.23%
- Gerechtes Innsbruck (Gerecht) 3.10%
- Tiroler Seniorenbund – Für Alt und Jung (TSB) 2.72%
- Alternative Liste Innsbruck (ALI) 2.38%
Culture
Cultural events
Innsbruck is a very popular
- Innsbrucker Tanzsommer
- Bergsilvester (New Year's Eve)
- Innsbrucker Festwochen der Alten Musik (Innsbruck Festival of Early Music)
- Los Gurkos Short Film Festival[24]
- Christkindlmarkt (Christmas fair)
In 1971, author Douglas Adams was inspired to write the internationally successful The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series while lying intoxicated in a field in Innsbruck.[25] From 2003 onwards each year Towel Day is celebrated worldwide on 25 May.
Sports
Due to its location between high mountains, Innsbruck serves as an ideal place for
Valley. The glaciated terrain in the latter makes skiing possible even in summer months.The
Along with St. Moritz, Switzerland and Lake Placid, New York in the United States, it is one of three places which have twice hosted the Winter Games. It also hosted the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics.
Innsbruck hosted the 1st Winter Youth Olympic Games in 2012.[26]
Other notable events held in Innsbruck include the
Innsbruck is home to the
The city also hosted an American Football final,
The city hosted opening round games in the
In 2018 Innsbruck hosted the IFSC Climbing World Championships 2018 from 6 to 16 September and the 2018 UCI Road World Championships from 22 to 30 September.[27]
Language
Innsbruck is part of the
Economy and infrastructure
Innsbruck is a substantial tourist centre, with more than a million overnight stays.
In Innsbruck, there are 86,186 employees and about 12,038 employers. 7,598 people are self-employed.[30] Nearly 35,000 people commute every day into Innsbruck from the surrounding communities in the area. The unemployment rate for the year 2012 was 4.2%.[31]
The national statistics office,
The headquarters of Tiroler Wasserkraft (Tiwag, energy production), Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg (financial services), Tiroler Versicherung (insurance) and MED-EL (medical devices) are located in Innsbruck. The headquarters of Swarovski (glass), Felder Group (mechanical engineering) and Swarco (traffic technology) are located within 20 km (12 mi) from the city.
Residential property is very expensive by national standards. The average price per square metre in Innsbruck is €4,430 (2015), which is the second highest per square metre price among Austrian cities surpassed only by Salzburg (€4,823), but followed by Vienna (€3,980).[33]
Transport
Innsbruck is located along the A12/A13 highway corridor (Inn Valley Autobahn and Brenner Autobahn respectively), providing freeway access to Verona, Italy and Munich, Germany. The A12 and A13 converge near Innsbruck, at which point the A13 terminates.
Innsbruck Airport is located in the suburb of Kranebitten, which is located in the west of the city. It provides services to airports including Frankfurt, London, Amsterdam and Vienna. It also handles regional flights around the Alps, as well as seasonal flights to other destinations. During the winter, activity increases significantly, due to the high number of skiers travelling to the region. The airport is approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the centre of Innsbruck.
Local public transport is provided by Innsbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe (IVB), a public authority operating a network of bus and
In December 2007, the
Education
Innsbruck is a university city, with several locally based colleges and universities.
Innsbruck is home to the oldest grammar school (
Innsbruck hosts several universities. The most well-known are the
Organizations
- The international headquarters of charities, is located in Innsbruck.
- The internationally active NGO Austrian Service Abroad was founded in Innsbruck in 1992 by Andreas Maislinger and Andreas Hörtnagl. Its central office is located at Hutterweg, Innsbruck.
- Innsbruck has two Innsbruck Medical University. The Innsbruck Medical University has one of Europe's premier skiinjury clinics.
- The international headquarters of cochlear implants, is located in Innsbruck.
- The for the MARS2013 expedition during February 2013.
Notable residents
Monarchy and aristocracy
- Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1415–1493), Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death, the first emperor of the House of Habsburg.[36]
- Electress of Saxony 1431–1464 by her marriage with the Wettin elector Frederick II. She was a sister of Emperor Frederick III.
- Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (1427–1496), Habsburg archduke of Austria and ruler of Tyrol from 1446 to 1490
- Elisabeth of Brandenburg (1510–1558), princess of the House of Hohenzollern and a Margravine of Brandenburg
- Spanish Habsburgs.[37]
- Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
- Holy Roman Empress
- Archduchess of Austria as a member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg
- Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria (1630–1665), ruler of Further Austria including Tyrol
- Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III
- Archduchess Holy Roman Empress and the second wife of Leopold I
- Duke of Lorraineand Bar from 1690
- Ignaz Anton von Indermauer (1759–1796), nobleman who was murdered in a peasant revolt
- Henry Taaffe, 12th Viscount Taaffe (1872–1928), landowner, held hereditary titles from Austria & Ireland until 1919 when he lost both; son of Eduard Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe.[38]
- Prince Johannes Heinrich of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1931–2010), prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
Public service
- Eusebio Kino (1645–1711), Jesuit missionary and explorer of Northwest Mexico and Southwest US, student and later teacher at Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck.
- Josef Speckbacher (1767–1820) a leading figure in the rebellion of the Tyrol against Napoleon
- Joseph Hormayr, Baron zu Hortenburg (1781/2–1848) statesman and historian.[39]
- Hermann von Gilm (1812–1864) lawyer and poet
- Vinzenz Maria Gredler (1823 in Telfs – 1912) a Dominican friar, classicist, philosopher theologian and naturalist
- Ignatius Klotz (1843–1911), American farmer and politician in Wisconsin
- Oswald Redlich (1858–1944) historian and archivist of auxiliary sciences of history
- Heinrich Schenkl (1859–1919) classical philologist, son of Karl Schenkl
- Diana Budisavljević (1891–1978), humanitarian who led a major relief effort in Yugoslavia during World War II
- Blessed Marianists.
- Karl Gruber (1909–1995) an Austrian politician and diplomat
- Diocese of Innsbruck, 1980 to 1997.
- Professor Dr. Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born 1930) a German politician, entrepreneur, philanthropist and media and telecommunications innovator.
- Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations
- Heidemarie Cammerlander (born 1942), member of the Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna[40]
- Gerhard Pfanzelter (born 1943) prominent Austrian diplomat.
- Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service
- Christoph Hofinger (born 1967) researcher and political consultant
- Gabriel Kuhn (born 1972), political writer and translator based in Sweden
- René Benko (born 1977), real estate investor and founder of Signa Holding
War figures
- Raoul Stojsavljevic (1887–1930) World War I flying ace
- SS-Obergruppenführerdirector of Nazi Germany's "Race and Settlement Main Office", sentenced to 25 years for war crimes in 1948, pardoned 1954
- 20 July Plotin 1944.
- Theresienstadt concentration camp.
- Constanze Manziarly (1920–1945) cook/dietitian to Adolf Hitler until her final days in 1945
Arts
- Jacob Regnart (1540s–1599) Flemish Renaissance composer of sacred and secular music
- William Young (died 1662) English viol player and composer of the Baroque era, who worked at the court of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria in Innsbruck
- Johann Paul Schor (1615–1674), artist, known in Rome as "Giovanni Paolo Tedesco"
- Michael Ignaz Mildorfer (1690–1747), painter, painted primarily religious themed works
- Josef Ignaz Mildorfer (1719–1775), painter of frescoes
- Franz Edmund Weirotter (1733–1771), painter, draughtsman and etcher of landscapes and maritime scenes
- Georg Mader (1824–1881) an Austrian painter.
- Edgar Meyer (1853–1925), painter, built himself a castle and engaged in politics
- Karl Schönherr (1867–1943) Austrian writer of Austrian Heimat themes.
- Mimi Gstöttner-Auer (1886–1977) Austrian stage and film actress[41]
- Clemens Holzmeister (1886–1983), architect and stage designer
- Residenz Theatre[42]
- Igo Sym (1896–1941), Austrian-born Polish actor and collaborator with Nazi Germany
- Carl-Heinz Schroth (1902–1989), actor and film director, appeared in 60 films[43]
- Heinrich C. Berann (1915–1999) father of the modern panorama map, born into a family of painters and sculptors
- Peter Demant (1918–2006) a Russian writer and public figure.
- Judith Holzmeister (1920–2008) actress, married to the actor Curd Jürgens 1947–1955[44]
- Otmar Suitner (1922–2010) conductor who spent most of his professional career in East Germany, Principal Conductor of the Staatskapelle Dresden from 1960 to 1964
- Dietmar Schönherr (1926–2014) an Austrian film actor[45]
- Ilse von Alpenheim (born 1927) pianist
- William Berger (born 1928–1993) was an Austrian American actor[46]
- Erich Urbanner (born 1936) Austrian composer and teacher.
- Peter Noever (born 1941) designer and curator–at–large of art and architecture
- Christian Berger (born 1945) Austrian cinematographer[47]
- Radu Malfatti (born 1946), trombone player and composer
- Helga Anders (1948–1986) Austrian television actress[48]
- Reed Gratz (born 1950), Jazz pianist/composer, Professor at University of Innsbruck [1]
- Gabriele Sima (1955–2016), opera singer[49]
- Norbert Pümpel (born 1956) a visual artist.
- Gabriele Fontana (born 1958) an Austrian operatic soprano.
- Thomas Larcher (born 1963) an Austrian composer and pianist.
- Armin Wolf (born 1966), journalist and television anchor
- Eva Lind (born 1966), operatic soprano[50]
- Aleksandar Marković (born 1975) Serbian, principal conductor of Tyrolean Opera House
- Alice Tumler (born 1978), television presenter[51]
- Georg Neuhauser (born 1982), singer in Serenity (band)
- Manu Delago (born 1984), Hang player, percussionist and composer based in London
- Amira El Sayed (born 1991) an Egyptian-Austrian actress and author
- Nathan Trent (born 1992) singer for Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
- Victoria Swarovski (born 1994), singer, TV Presenter Let's Dance Germany, Billionaire Heiress of the Swarovski empire
Science
- Tannerus
- ornithologist
- Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting (1754–1797), entomologist and Professor of Natural Science
- Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb von Besser (1784–1842), Austrian-born botanist, worked in Western Ukraine
- Philipp Sarlay (1826–1908) principal of telegraph office, technological and scientific pioneer
- Leopold Pfaundler (1839–1920), physicist and chemist, wrote the kinetic theory of gases
- Georg Luger (1849–1923) an Austrian designer of the famous Luger pistol
- Splenic-flexure syndromeor "Payr's disease"
- Meinhard von Pfaundler (1872–1947), pediatrician, interest in the diathetic aspects of disease
- Arnold Durig (1872–1961) Austrian physiologist, investigated organisms at high altitude
- historian of science
- Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985), Italian probabilist, statistician and actuary, noted for the conception of probability
- mycologist of the taxonomy, chemistry and toxicity of the gilledmushrooms
- Klaus Riedle (born 1941) German power engineering scientist, helped develop more efficient gas turbines for power generation
- Prof. Herbert Lochs (1946–2015) prominent German/Austrian medical doctor and scientist
- Peter Zoller (born 1952) theoretical physicist and Professor at the University of Innsbruck
- Wolfgang Scheffler (born 1956), inventor/promoter of large, flexible, parabolic reflecting dishes that concentrate sunlight for cooking and in the world's first solar-powered crematorium
- Christian Spielmann (born 1963), physicist and a professor at the University of Jena
Sport
- Hady Pfeiffer (1906–2002), Austrian/German alpine skier, competed 1936 Winter Olympics
- Roderich Menzel (1907–1987), amateur tennis player and, after his active career, an author
- Lotte Scheimpflug(1908–1997), Austrian/Italian luger, competed 1920s to the 1950s
- Gustav Lantschner (1910–2011), alpine skier & actor, competed 1936 Winter Olympics
- Erich Eliskases (1913–1997), chess grandmaster in the 1950s, represented Austria, Germany and Argentina
- Hermann Buhl (1924–1957) mountaineer, considered one of the best climbers of all time
- Egon Schöpf (born 1925) alpine skier, competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics
- Dagmar Rom (born 1928) a former alpine ski racer, won two gold medals at the 1950 World Championships
- Walter Steinegger (born 1928) former ski jumper who competed in the 1952 Winter Olympics
- Fritz Dinkhauser (born 1940) hammer thrower and bobsleigher at the 1968 Winter Olympics
- Gert Elsässer (born 1949), skeleton racer who competed in the early 1980s
- Franz Marx (born 1963), sport wrestler, qualified for the Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona
- Markus Prock (born 1964), luger who competed between 1983 and 2002
- Barbara Schett (born 1976) Austrian tennis player and sportscaster
- Fritz Dopfer (born 1987) World Cup alpine ski racer, specializing in the giant slalom and slalom
- David Lama (1990–2019) Rock climber and mountaineer.
- René Binder (born 1992), racing driver
- Nicol Ruprecht (born 1992), rhythmic gymnast
- Gregor Schlierenzauer (born 1994), Ski jumper, all-time leader in the number of World Cup victories
- Susanna Kurzthaler (born 1995), biathlete
- Vanessa Herzog (born 1995), speed skater
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
- Freiburg im Breisgau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (since 1963)
- Grenoble in Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (since 1963)[52]
- Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1980)[53]
- Aalborg in Denmark (since 1982)[54][55]
- Tbilisi in Georgia (since 1982)[56]
- Ōmachi in Japan, (since 1985)[57]
- New Orleans, Louisiana, United States (since 1995)
Partnerships
- Kraków in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland (since 1998)[58]
Austrian Service Abroad
The
See also
- Tyrol
- History of the Jews in Innsbruck
- Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen
- Internationales Studentenhaus Innsbruck
- Innsbruck Tramway
- Music of Innsbruck
- Lohbach (Inn)
References
- Citations
- ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ Planet, Lonely. "History of Innsbruck – Lonely Planet Travel Information". lonelyplanet.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2013.
- ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8
- ^ Chizzali. Tyrol: Impressions of Tyrol. (Innsbruck: Alpina Printers and Publishers), p. 5.
- ^ Wilhelm Klein (1967), Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890.
- ^ Reynolds, Churchill, et al. The Story of the Great War, vol. 14. (New York: Collier and Son, 1919)
- ^ "Trento, Bolzano e Innsbruck: l'occupazione militare italiana del tirolo (1918–1920)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
- ^ "Innsbruck Climate & Temperature". innsbruck.climatemps.com.
- NOAA. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Lufttemperatur" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Niederschlag" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Schnee" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Luftfeuchtigkeit" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Strahlung" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Station Innsbruck" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ^ "11120: Innsbruck-Flughafen (Austria)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 18 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Landesrecht Tirol: Stadtrecht der Landeshauptstadt Innsbruck 1975 § 2". Rechts Informations System (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt Österreich. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014.
- ^ "Räumliches Bezugssystem: Referat Statistik und Berichtswesen, Innsbruck". Landeshauptstadt Innsbruck. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014.
- ^ "Registerzählung vom 31. Oktober 2011, Bevölkerung nach Ortschaften, Innsbruck (70101)" (PDF). Statistik Austria. 31 July 2013.
- ^ Erik van Rheenen (2017). 16 Fun Facts About The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
- ^ slashcam.de http://www.slashcam.de/kalender/A-Los-Gurkos-Short-Film-Festival-2012-760.html "Festival"
- ^ Gary, Dexter (4 October 2009). "Title Deed: How the Book got its Name". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
- ^ "International Olympic Committee – News". Olympic.org. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
- ^ Climbing, Austria. "Kletter-WM Innsbruck Tirol 2018: IFSC Climbing World Championships". Innsbruck / Tirol 2018.
- ISBN 3823350625. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- ^ Burger, Sonja (5 December 2014). "Dialekt bis Internet: Deutsche Sprache wird bunter". Die Presse. "Die Presse" Verlags-Gesellschaft m.b.H. Co KG. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- ^ "Gemeinde auf einen Blick" (PDF). Statistik Austria. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ^ "City Statistics Illustrated". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ "Regionales BIP und Hauptaggregate nach Wirtschaftsbereichen und 35 NUTS 3-Regionen". statistik.at. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ "In Salzburg und Innsbruck ist Wohnraum teurer als in Wien". presse.com. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ "Hungerburgbahn Innsbruck".
- ^ "IF130 Hungerburgbahn". Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 49–50. .
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 361–362. .
- Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 321–322. .
- ^ Hashagen, Justus (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 693. .
- Government of Vienna(in German). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 28 March 2021
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- ^ Jérôme Steffenino, Marguerite Masson. "Ville de Grenoble –Coopérations et villes jumelles". Grenoble.fr. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
- ^ "Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site". City of Sarajevo. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ "Aalborg Twin Towns". Europeprize.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
- ^ "Aalborg Kommune – Venskabsbyer". 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
- ^ "Tbilisi Sister Cities". Tbilisi City Hall. Tbilisi Municipal Portal. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ 友好・姉妹都市. Omachi City Hall (in Japanese). Omachi Municipal Office. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
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- Bibliography
- Krakover, Shaul; Borsdorf, Axel (2000). "Spatial dynamics of urban expansion: The case of Innsbruck, Austria". Die Erde. 131 (2): 125–141. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- Bousfield, Jonathan; Humphreys, Rob (2001). The Rough Guide to Austria. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1858280592.
- City Guides: Innsbruck. Vienna: Freytag-Berndt. 1999. ISBN 978-3850849111.
- Maier, Dieter (1998). Insight Guide Austria. Singapore: APA Publications. ISBN 978-0887296109.
- Parsons, Nicholas T. (2000). Blue Guide Austria (Fourth ed.). London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0393320176.
- Schulte-Peevers, Andrea (2007). Alison Coupe (ed.). Michelin Green Guide Austria. London: Michelin Travel & Lifestyle. ISBN 978-2067123250.
Further reading
- Published in the 19th century
- "Innsbruck", Southern Germany and Austria (2nd ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1871, OL 20619468M
- Published in the 20th century
- "Innsbruck", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, &c (9th ed.), Berlin: J.H. Herz, 1908, OCLC 36795367
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 583–584.
- "Innsbruck", Austria-Hungary (11th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OL 18759934M
External links
- Innsbruck.at – official site
- Innsbruck.info – Tourist Board
- tirolerabend.info – Tyrolean Evening Shows in Innsbruck
- IVB – Public Transport Official Site
- Innsbruck Photos 2008
- Collection of photograph of Hafelekar mountain above Innsbruck
- www.provinnsbruck.at – Community blog
- www.all-inn.at – Innsbruck Stadtguide