Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Нови Сад (Serbian) | ||
---|---|---|
Град Нови Сад Grad Novi Sad City of Novi Sad | ||
Panorama of Novi Sad Novi Sad City Hall Liberty Square Bishop's Palace | ||
District South Bačka | | |
Settled by Scordisci | 4th century B.C. | |
Founded | 1694 | |
City status | 1 February 1748 | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Milan Đurić (SNS) | |
• Ruling parties | SNS/SDPS/SPO–SPS/JS–SVM | |
Area | ||
• Administrative | 702.7 km2 (271.3 sq mi) | |
• Urban | 129.4 km2 (50.0 sq mi) | |
• Rank | 36th in Serbia | |
• City proper | 106.2 km2 (41.0 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 80 m (262 ft) | |
Population | ||
• Administrative | 368,967 | |
• Rank | 2nd in Serbia | |
• Urban | 306,702 | |
• Urban density | 2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi) | |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) | |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 21000 | |
Area code | +381(0)21 | |
Vehicle registration | NS | |
Website | www.novisad.rs |
Novi Sad (
According to the 2022 census[update], the population of the administrative area of the city totals 368,967 people,[3] while its urban area (including the adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) comprises 306,702 inhabitants.
Novi Sad was founded in 1694, when
Novi Sad was the European Youth Capital in 2019 and the European Capital of Culture in 2022.[6] It became a UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts in 2023.[7][8]
Name
The name Novi Sad means "new plantation" in Serbo-Croatian. Its Latin name, stemming from the establishment of Habsburg city rights, is Neoplanta. The official names of Novi Sad in local administration are:[9][10]
In both Croatian and Romanian, which are official in provincial administration, the city is called Novi Sad. Historically, the city was called Neusatz and Neusatz an der Donau (translated as 'Novi Sad on the Danube') in German.
In its
History
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: History section needs summarization, move of intricate information to History of Novi Sad. (February 2016) |
Older settlements
Principality of Hungary 895-1000
Kingdom of Hungary 1000–1526
Ottoman Empire 1526–1687
Habsburg monarchy 1694–1804
Austrian Empire 1804–1867
Austro-Hungarian Empire1867–1918
Kingdom of Serbia 1918
Kingdom of Yugoslavia[11] 1918–1941
Kingdom of Hungary 1941–1944
SFR Yugoslavia[12] 1944–1992
Serbia and Montenegro[13] 1992–2006
Republic of Serbia 2006–
Human habitation in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the
In antiquity, the region was inhabited by
In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by Hunnic invasions. By the end of the century, the Byzantines had rebuilt the town and called it Petrikon or Petrikov (Greek: Πέτρικον) after Saint Peter. Slavic tribes such as the Severians, the Obotrites and the Serbs (including the subtribes of the Braničevci and the Timočani) settled the region around Novi Sad, mainly in the 6th and 7th centuries.[15][unreliable source?] The Serbs absorbed the aforementioned Slavic groups as well as the Paleo-Balkanic peoples of the region.[15]
In the Middle Ages, the area was controlled by the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Avars, Franks, West Slavic groups, again by the Byzantines, and finally by the Hungarians. It was a part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary from its foundation in 1000 until the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. Hungarians began to settle in the area, which before that time had been mostly populated by Slavs. The earliest known mention was as the Hungarian variant Peturwarad or Pétervárad (Serbian: Petrovaradin/Петроварадин), derived from the Byzantine variant, found in documents from 1237. That year, several other settlements were mentioned as existing in the territory of modern-day urban Novi Sad.[citation needed]
From the 13th century to the 16th century, the following settlements existed in the urban territory of the modern-day Novi Sad:[16][17]
- on the right bank of the Danube: Pétervárad (Serbian: Petrovaradin) and Kamanc (Serbian: Kamenica).
- on the left bank of the Danube: Baksa or Baksafalva (]
An etymology of settlement names reveals that some designations are of Slavic origin, which indicates that the areas were initially inhabited by Slavs, particularly the West Slavs. For example, Bivalo (Bivaljoš) had a large Slavic settlement dating from the 5th–6th centuries.[16] Other names are of Hungarian origin (for example Bélakút, Kűszentmárton, Vásárosvárad, Rév), indicating that the settlements were inhabited by Hungarians before the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century.[17] Some settlement names are of uncertain origin.
Tax records from 1522 show a mix of Hungarian and Slavic names among the inhabitants of these villages, including Slavic names like Bozso (Božo), Radovan, Radonya (Radonja), Ivo, etc. Following the Ottoman invasion in the 16th–17th centuries, some of these settlements were destroyed. Most of the surviving Hungarian inhabitants retreated from the area. Some of the settlements persisted under Ottoman rule and were populated by ethnic Serbs.[citation needed]
Between 1526 and 1687, the region was under Ottoman rule. In 1590, the population of all villages in the territory of present-day Novi Sad numbered 105 houses, inhabited exclusively by Serbs. Ottoman records mention only those who paid taxes, so the number of Serbs who lived in the area (for example, those that served in the Ottoman army) was likely larger than was recorded.[18]
Founding of Novi Sad
Habsburg rule was aligned with the Roman Catholic doctrine and, as it took over this area near the end of the 17th century, the government prohibited people of
According to 1720 data, the population of Ratzen Stadt was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the present names Novi Sad and Újvidék (Neoplanta in Latin) in 1748 when it became a 'free royal city', in German language it was called Neusatz.
The edict that made Novi Sad a 'free royal city' was proclaimed on 1 February 1748. The edict reads:
' We,
Galicia, Lodomeria, Carinthia, [...]) '
cast this proclamation to anyone, whom it might concern... so that the renowned Petrovaradinski Šanac, which lies on the other side of the Danube in the Bačka province on the Sajlovo land, by the might of our divine royal power and prestige...make this town a Free Royal City and to fortify, accept and acknowledge it as one of the free royal cities of our Kingdom of Hungary and other territories, by abolishing its previous name of Petrovaradinski Šanac, renaming it Neoplanta (Latin), Új-Vidégh (Hungarian), Neusatz (German) and Novi Sad (Serbian
In the 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy recruited Germans from the southern principalities of the Holy Roman Empire to relocate to the Danube valley. They wanted both to increase the population and to redevelop the river valley for agriculture, which had declined markedly under the Ottomans. To encourage such settlement, the government ensured that the German communities could practice their religion (mostly Catholicism) and use their original German dialect.
Habsburg monarchy
For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad remained the largest city inhabited by Serbs. The reformer of the Serbian language,
During the
Following the
Similar demographic changes can be seen in the religious structure: in 1870, the population of Novi Sad included 8,134 Orthodox Christians, 6,684 Catholics, 1,725 Calvinists, 1,343 Lutherans, and others.
Serbia and Yugoslavia
On 25 November 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of the region of Vojvodina with the Kingdom of Serbia. From 1 December 1918, Novi Sad was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; and in 1929, it became the capital of the Danube Banovina, a province of the newly named Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1921, the population of Novi Sad numbered 39,122 inhabitants, 16,293 of whom spoke the Serbian language, 12,991 Hungarian, 6,373 German, 1,117 Slovak, etc.[23]
In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the
The total death toll of the raid was around 2,500.[24][25] Citizens of all nationalities—Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks, and others—fought together against the Axis authorities.[25] In 1975 the whole city was awarded the title People's Hero of Yugoslavia.
The
Novi Sad became part of the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of Vojvodina, a province of the Republic of Serbia. The city went through rapid industrialization and its population more than doubled in the period between World War II and the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s.
After 1992, Novi Sad became a part of the
Geography
The city lies on the
The total land area of the city is 699 square kilometres (270 sq mi), while its urban area spans 129.7 km2 (50 sq mi).[27]
Climate
Novi Sad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa)[29] closely bordering on humid continental climate (Dfa) with a January mean of 0.7 °C (33.3 °F). The city experiences four distinct seasons. Autumn is drier than spring, with long sunny and warm periods. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 22 days of complete sub-zero temperature, and averages 22 days of snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average low of −2.5 °C (27.5 °F). Spring is usually short and rainy, while summer arrives abruptly. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Novi Sad was −30.7 °C (−23.3 °F) on 24 January 1963, and the hottest temperature ever recorded was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 24 July 2007.
The east-southeasterly wind, known as Košava, blows from the Carpathians and brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2 to 3-day intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25 to 43 km/h (16 to 27 mph), but certain strokes can reach up to 130 km/h (81 mph). In wintertime, accompanied by snow storms, the winds can cause large snow-drifts.
Climate data for Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.5 (88.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.6 (99.7) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
41.6 (106.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.3 (36.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −30.7 (−23.3) |
−28.6 (−19.5) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−24.0 (−11.2) |
−30.7 (−23.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.9 (1.53) |
36.4 (1.43) |
38.6 (1.52) |
46.6 (1.83) |
77.3 (3.04) |
92.2 (3.63) |
68.1 (2.68) |
59.7 (2.35) |
58.8 (2.31) |
58.6 (2.31) |
51.5 (2.03) |
49.1 (1.93) |
675.8 (26.61) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.1 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 130.8 |
Average snowy days | 6.4 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 4.9 | 22.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
85.5 | 80.2 | 70.8 | 64.4 | 67.9 | 69.7 | 68.2 | 67.4 | 72.5 | 77.1 | 82.1 | 86.7 | 74.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67.9 | 100.6 | 164.1 | 205.8 | 257.3 | 284.8 | 316.2 | 298.9 | 207.1 | 160.9 | 94.7 | 59.4 | 2,217.7 |
Source 1: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[30][31] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[32] |
Settlements
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2020) |
Novi Sad is a typical Central European town in terms of its architecture. The Town Hall and the Court House were built by Emmerich Kitzweger (1868–1917). The city was almost completely destroyed during the
During the socialist period, new city blocks with wide streets and multi-story buildings were constructed around the city core. However, not many
Neighbourhoods
Some of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city are
New neighbourhoods, like Liman, Detelinara and Bistrica, emerged from the fields and forests surrounding the city. Following World War II, tall residential buildings were constructed to house the huge influx of people leaving the country side. Many old houses in the city centre, from the Rotkvarija and Bulevar neighbourhoods, were torn down in the 1950s and 1960s, to be replaced by multi-story buildings. Since the city has experienced a major construction boom in the last 10 years, some neighbourhoods like Grbavica have completely been transformed.
Neighbourhoods with single-family homes are mostly located away from the city centre.
Suburbs
While Novi Sad's urban municipalities, which include Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica and Novi Sad proper, have a combined population of about 277,000, its suburban areas have approximately 65,000 inhabitants. Some 23.7% of the administrative city's total population resides in the suburbs, which consist of 12 settlements and 1 town.[33] The largest numbers live in Futog (pop. 20,000) and in Veternik (pop. 17,000) to the west. Both places have grown bigger over the years, especially during the 1990s, and have physically merged with the city.
Suburbs like Futog are officially classified as an 'urban settlement' (town), while other suburbs are mostly considered to be 'rural' (village). Ledinci, Stari Ledinci and Bukovac are all villages located on Fruška Gora's slopes, with the last two having only one paved road. Stari Ledinci is the most isolated and least populated village belonging to Novi Sad's suburban areas.
Towns and villages in the adjacent municipalities of Sremski Karlovci, Temerin and Beočin share the same public transportation system and are economically tied to Novi Sad.
No. | Name | Status | City municipality | Population[33] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Begeč | Village | Novi Sad | 3,325 |
2 | Budisava | 3,656 | ||
3 | Bukovac | Petrovaradin | 3,936 | |
4 | Čenej | Novi Sad | 2,125 | |
5 | Futog | Town | 18,641 | |
6 | Kać | 11,740 | ||
7 | Kisač | Village | 5,091 | |
8 | Kovilj | 5,414 | ||
9 | Ledinci | Petrovaradin | 1,912 | |
10 | Rumenka | Novi Sad | 6,495 | |
11 | Stari Ledinci | Petrovaradin | 934 | |
12 | Stepanovićevo | Novi Sad | 2,021 | |
13 | Veternik | Town | Novi Sad | 17,454 |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1798 | 6,890 | — |
1848 | 18,530 | +168.9% |
1900 | 28,763 | +55.2% |
1910 | 33,089 | +15.0% |
1921 | 39,122 | +18.2% |
1931 | 63,985 | +63.6% |
1941 | 61,731 | −3.5% |
1948 | 69,431 | +12.5% |
1953 | 76,752 | +10.5% |
1961 | 102,469 | +33.5% |
1971 | 141,375 | +38.0% |
1981 | 170,020 | +20.3% |
1991 | 198,326 | +16.6% |
2002 | 216,583 | +9.2% |
2011 | 277,522 | +28.1% |
2022 | 306,702 | +10.5% |
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1948 | 111,358 | — |
1953 | 120,686 | +1.62% |
1961 | 155,685 | +3.23% |
1971 | 206,821 | +2.88% |
1981 | 250,138 | +1.92% |
1991 | 265,464 | +0.60% |
2002 | 299,294 | +1.10% |
2011 | 341,625 | +1.48% |
2022 | 368,967 | +0.70% |
Source: [34][35] |
Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade), and the largest city in Vojvodina. Since its founding, the population of the city has been constantly increasing. According to the 1991 census, 56.2% of the people who came to Novi Sad from 1961 to 1991 were from Vojvodina, while 15.3% came from Bosnia and Herzegovina and 11.7% from rest of Serbia.
In the 1990s and 2000s, the city experienced significant population growth. According to the 2011 census,[36] the city's population is 231,798, while in its urban area (including adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) there are 277,522 inhabitants. Novi Sad's administrative city limits hold 341,625 inhabitants.[33]
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition in the city administrative area (last three censuses):
Ethnicity | 1991[37] | 2002[38] | 2011[39] | 2022[40] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serbs | 173,420 | 225,995 | 269,117 | 289,119 |
Hungarians | 20,245 | 15,687 | 13,272 | 9,792 |
Slovaks | 8,165 | 7,230 | 6,596 | 5,458 |
Croats | 8,848 | 6,263 | 5,335 | 3,877 |
Yugoslavs | 32,803 | 9,514 | 2,355 | 3,465 |
Romani | 1,133 | 1,740 | 3,636 | 3,321 |
Russians | - | - | 329 | 2,766 |
Montenegrins | 6,226 | 5,040 | 3,444 | 2,225 |
Rusyns | - | 2,032 | 2,160 | 1,836 |
Muslims
|
1,737 | 1,015 | 1,138 | 886 |
Gorani | - | 358 | 709 | 821 |
Macedonians | - | 1,144 | 1,111 | 819 |
Romanians
|
902 | 860 | 891 | 706 |
Albanians | - | - | 356 | 476 |
Ukrainians | - | - | 484 | 454 |
Slovenians
|
- | - | 412 | 365 |
Germans | - | - | 429 | 294 |
Others | 18,211 | 22,416 | 31,861 | 44,287 |
Total | 265,464 | 299,294 | 341,625 | 368,967 |
All of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Kisač has an ethnic Slovak majority.
Religion
According to the 2011 census, the population of the administrative area of Novi Sad (comprising both municipalities) included 270,831
Culture
In the 19th and early 20th century, Novi Sad was the capital of
Today, Novi Sad is the second largest cultural centre in Serbia, after Belgrade. Municipal officials have made the city more attractive with numerous cultural events and music concerts. Since 2000, Novi Sad is home to the EXIT festival, one of the biggest music summer festivals in Europe. Other important cultural events include the Sterijino pozorje theatre festival, Zmaj Children Games, International Novi Sad Literature Festival, Novi Sad Jazz Festival, and many others.[43] Novi Sad also hosts a fashion show twice a year, attracting local and international designers. Called Serbia Fashion Week, the event also features the works of applied artists, musicians, interior decorators, multimedia experts and architects.[44]
In addition to the
Novi Sad has several folk song societies, which are known as kulturno-umetničko društvo or KUD. The best known societies in the city are: KUD Svetozar Marković, AKUD Sonja Marinković, SKUD Željezničar, FA Vila and the oldest SZPD
National minorities express their own traditions, folklore and songs through various societies such as the Hungarian MKUD Petőfi Sándor, Slovak SKUD Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Ruthenian RKC Novi Sad.
Novi Sad was chosen to be the European Capital of Culture for 2021,[46] however its mandate was moved to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[47] From this mandate, the industrial zone in Liman neighborhood was repurposed as an artist quarter known as Distrikt. Due the continued efforts of local artists, the city became a UNESCO Creative City of Media Arts in 2023.[7][8]
Cuisine
Typical
Index sandwich, named after university student index books, is a popular local street food since the 1980s.[54] It is made out of a bread roll stuffed with melted cheese, ham, mushrooms and lashings of sauce.[55][56][57]
Museums
The city has several museums and galleries, both public and privately owned. The best known institution in the city is the
The
Tourism
Since 2000, the number of tourists visiting Novi Sad each year has steadily risen. During the annual EXIT music festival in July, the city is full of young people from all over Europe. In 2017, over 200,000 visitors from 60 countries came to the festival, attending about 35 concerts.[60][61]
Other events include shows and congresses organized by Novi Sad Fair, a local management company, bringing in many businesspersons and entrepreneurs to the city. Every May, Novi Sad is home to the largest agricultural show in the region, having attracted 600,000 attendees in 2005.[62] The tourist port, near Varadin Bridge in the city centre, welcomes cruise boats from across Europe that travel the Danube river.
The most recognized structure in Novi Sad is the Petrovaradin Fortress, which dominates the skyline and also offers scenic views of the city. The nearby historic neighbourhood of Stari Grad has many monuments, museums, cafes, restaurants and shops. Also in the vicinity, is the Fruška Gora National Park, approximately 20 km (12 mi) from the city centre.
According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics of Serbia, a total of 234,708 tourist arrivals were realized in the territory of the City in 2023, which represents an increase compared to the same period in 2022 by 7.2 percent. Also, last year a total of 567,926 overnight stays were realized, which represents a growth of 1.2 percent.
Economy
Novi Sad is the economic centre of Vojvodina, the most fertile agricultural region in Serbia. The city also represents one of the largest economic and cultural hubs in Serbia.
Novi Sad had always been a developed city within the former
The economy of Novi Sad has mostly recovered from that period and grown strongly since 2001, shifting from an industry-driven economy to the tertiary sector. The processes involved in privatizing state and society-owned enterprises, as well as strong private incentives, have increased the share of privately owned companies to over 95% in the district, with small and medium-size enterprises dominating the city's economic development.[64]
The significance of Novi Sad as a financial centre is already proven, by being home to the national headquarters of numerous banks, such as
Novi Sad is also a growing information technology centre within Serbia, second only to Belgrade. As many as 900 IT companies operate in Novi Sad out of a total of 2,500 registered in the territory of the Republic of Serbia with over 11,500 employees. As of September 2017, Novi Sad has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.[66]
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[67]
Activity | Total |
---|---|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 1,276 |
Mining and quarrying | 980 |
Manufacturing | 22,551 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 1,888 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 2,259 |
Construction | 7,952 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 26,357 |
Transportation and storage | 8,424 |
Accommodation and food services | 5,811 |
Information and communication | 8,886 |
Financial and insurance activities | 4,483 |
Real estate activities | 662 |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 10,147 |
Administrative and support service activities | 7,785 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 8,117 |
Education | 10,807 |
Human health and social work activities | 13,463 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 3,397 |
Other service activities | 3,556 |
Individual agricultural workers | 777 |
Total | 149,578 |
Politics
Novi Sad is the administrative centre of the
The city's administrative bodies include the city assembly as the representative body, as well as the mayor and city government defining the executive bodies. The mayor and city assembly members are chosen through direct elections. The city assembly has 78 seats,[68] while the city government consists of 11 members. The mayor and members of the city's assembly are elected to four-year terms. The city government is elected by the city assembly at the proposal of the mayor.
As of 2022, the mayor of Novi Sad is
The city of Novi Sad is divided into 47 local communities within two city municipalities, Novi Sad and Petrovaradin, which are separated by the Danube river.[70]
- City holidays
1 February | On this day, in 1748, Novi Sad gained 'free royal city' status. |
23 October | The partisan forces from Srem and Bačka entered and liberated the city from occupation on this day, in 1944. |
9 November | Troops of the Kingdom of Serbia entered the city on this day, in 1918, led by commandant Petar Bojović. |
25 November | In 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other Slavs of Vojvodina (Banat, Bačka and Baranja) in Novi Sad proclaimed the unification of Vojvodina region with the Kingdom of Serbia. |
The city commemorates the year 1694, when it was established.[71]
- Coat of arms
The design consists of three white towers placed in the centre, set against a blue sky. A white dove holding an olive branch flies above the larger middle tower. All three structures have rooftops with crenellations, as well as opened windows and closed gates. Below the towers lies a green background, with a wavy white line depicting the
Society
Education
Novi Sad is one of the most important centres of higher education and research in Serbia, with four universities overall and numerous professional, technical, and private colleges and
Business Academy University and EducoNS University are private schools also located in the city.
As of 2022[update], there are 37 elementary schools (33 public and 4 private) with about 26,000 students.
Media
Novi Sad has one major daily newspaper, Dnevnik, and among the periodicals, the monthly magazine Vojvodjanski magazin stands out. The city is also home to the headquarters of regional public broadcaster, Radio Television of Vojvodina (RTV), and municipal public broadcaster, Novosadska televizija,[77] as well as a few commercial TV stations such as Kanal 9,[78] Panonija[79] and RTV Most.[80] Major local commercial radio stations include Radio AS FM and Radio 021.[81]
Novi Sad is also known as a publishing centre. The most important publishing houses are Matica srpska, Stilos and Prometej. Well-known journals, in literature and art, include
The city hosts an annual literature conference, Book Talk.[84]
Sports
Founded in 1790, the 'City Marksmen Association' became the first sporting organization in Novi Sad. Founded on 28 March 1885, VK Danubius 1885 is the oldest rowing club in former Yugoslavia.[85] A more widespread interest in competitive sports developed after the Municipal Association of Physical Culture was created in 1959 and when the Spens Sports center was built in 1981. Today, about 220 sports organizations are active in Novi Sad.
Professional sports in Novi Sad mostly revolve around the Vojvodina multi-sport association. Having won two championships in 1966 and 1989, the FK Vojvodina football club represents the 3rd all-time best team in Serbia, right behind its two Belgrade rivals, Red Star and Partizan. With 13 championship titles, OK Vojvodina is the top volleyball team in the country. As for handball, RK Vojvodina has won the national championship on multiple occasions.[86]
Athletes from Novi Sad had the honour of participating in the first
Many national and international competitions are held in the city. Novi Sad played host to the European and World Championships in
The city also holds traditional sporting events such as the Novi Sad marathon, international swimming competitions and many other events. The very first 'MTB Petrovaradin Fortress Cup' took place in 2018, allowing national and regional cyclists to compete. It is also the first mountain bike competition to be held in Serbia.[92]
Club | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
---|---|---|---|---|
VK Danubius | Rowing | 1885 | ||
FK Vojvodina | Football | 1914 | Serbian Superliga
|
Karađorđe Stadium |
RFK Novi Sad
|
Football | 1921 | Serbian League | Detelinara Stadium
|
FK Slavija Novi Sad
|
Football | 1926 | Stadion Salajka | |
FK Kabel | Football | 1932 | Serbian League Vojvodina | Stadion FK Kabel |
VK Vojvodina | Water polo | 1938 | Serbian League, Regional League A2 | Slana Bara Sports center |
OK Vojvodina
|
Volleyball | 1946 | Serbian volley league
|
Spens Sports center |
KKK Vojvodina | Kayak and Canoe | 1947 | ||
KK Vojvodina | Basketball | 1948 | League B
|
Spens Sports center |
RK Vojvodina | Handball | 1949 | Handball League of Serbia
|
Slana Bara Sports center |
FK Proleter | Football | 1951 | Dissolved in 2022, merger with RFK Novi Sad | Slana Bara Stadium |
HK Vojvodina | Ice hockey | 1957 | Serbian Hockey League | Spens Sports center |
FK Mladost | Football | 1972 | Serbian First League | GAT Arena |
ŽFK Fruškogorac | Women's football | 1998 | Druga Liga Srbije Sever | GAT Arena |
Recreation
The inhabitants of Novi Sad engage in a wide range of recreational and leisure activities. With regards to
Proximity to the Fruška Gora National Park attracts many city dwellers on the weekends. They enjoy the numerous hiking trails, restaurants and monasteries located in and around the mountain area. Occurring on the first weekend of every May, the Fruška Gora Marathon lets hikers, runners and cyclists take advantage of the many hiking trails.[93] During the summer months, citizens from Novi Sad visit Lake Ledinci in Fruška Gora, as well as the numerous beaches situated along the Danube, the largest being Štrand in the Liman neighbourhood. There are also several recreational marinas bordering the river.
Transportation
- Air transport
Novi Sad currently does not have its own civil airport. The city is roughly a one-hour drive from
- City transport
The main public transportation system in Novi Sad consists of bus lines, operated by the public company JGSP Novi Sad. There are twenty-one urban lines and thirty-five suburban lines, with the main bus terminal being at the northern end of the Liberation Boulevard (Bulevar oslobođenja) next to the Novi Sad railway station, in addition to a smaller terminal in the town center. There are numerous taxi companies serving the city.
The city used to have
- Rail and road transport
Novi Sad lies on branch B of the Pan-European Corridor X. The A1 motorway connects the city with Subotica and Hungary to the north and the capital city of Belgrade to the south. It runs parallel to the Budapest–Belgrade railroad, which connects it to major European cities. On 19 March 2022 the "Soko" (meaning "falcon") high-speed line between Novi Sad and Belgrade opened and runs with 18 departures daily. Its maximum speed is 200 km/h and the 75 kilometres between Belgrade and Novi Sad are covered in 35 minutes. Between Belgrade and Novi Sad there are a total of 60 departures per day. There are three types of trains in total. "Intercity" (SOKO), "Regio-ekspres" and "Regio". Novi Sad is connected with Zrenjanin and Timișoara on the northeast and Ruma on south with a regional highway; there are plans to upgrade it to a motorway or an expressway, with a tunnel under the Fruška Gora shortcutting the Iriški Venac mountain pass.[97][98]
Three bridges cross the Danube in Novi Sad (as of 2020): Liberty Bridge (Most Slobode) connects Sremska Kamenica with the city proper. Varadin Bridge (Varadinski most) and Žeželj Bridge (Žeželjev most), connects Petrovaradin with city centre, and used for railway and heavy truck traffic. Many bridges also span the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal, running north of the city centre. Currently, two bridges over the Danube are being built, along with two new railway bridges over the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal.
- Water transport
The Port of Novi Sad is located on the outskirts of the city on Danube river. Since May 2019 it has been owned by DP WORLD from the UAE. With over a million tonnes of load turnover, it is the largest cargo port in Serbia.[99]
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Novi Sad has relationships with several
Novi Sad is twinned with:[102]
- Alexandria, Egypt (2021)[103][104]
- Budva, Montenegro (1996)[105]
- Changchun, China (1981)[106]
- Cleveland, Ohio, United States (2023)[107]
- Dortmund, Germany (1982)[108]
- Gomel, Belarus (2013)[109]
- Ilioupoli, Greece (1994)[110]
- Istočno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021)[111]
- Kumanovo, North Macedonia (2019)[112]
- Modena, Italy (1964)[113]
- Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (2006)[114]
- Norwich, England, United Kingdom (1989)[115]
- Pécs, Hungary (2009)[116]
- Taverny, France (2020)[117][118]
- Timișoara, Romania (2005)[119]
- Tivat, Montenegro (2023)[120][121]
- Toluca, Mexico (2015)[122]
Partner cities
Most frequent cooperation is done with Budva, Dortmund, Taverny, Timișoara, Tivat and Ulm in the fields of culture, tourism and sports.[101] Besides twin cities, Novi Sad has many signed agreements on joint cooperation with other cities, some of which could potential lead to twin city agreements. (see also: Politics of Novi Sad).
Novi Sad has signed agreements on joint cooperation with cities:[102]
- Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006)
- Corfu, Greece (2017)[123]
- Enghien-les-Bains, France (2020)[117]
- Frunzensky District, Russia (2003)[124]
- Gothenburg, Sweden (2002)
- Kranj, Slovenia (2004)
- Krasnodar, Russia
- Lviv, Ukraine (1999)
- Nant, France (2002)
- Osijek, Croatia (2002)
- Oryol, Russia (2017)[125]
- Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, France (2020)[117]
- Shiraz, Iran (2023)[126]
- Szeged, Hungary (2001)
- Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002)
- Ulm, Germany (2000)[127]
Novi Sad is an associate member of Eurocities.[128]
See also
- List of people from Novi Sad
- List of places in Serbia
- List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
- List of cities and towns on the Danube river
- Clinical centre of Vojvodina
- Festival of Street Musicians
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- Zoran Knežev, Novi Sad: Prošlost u pričama, Novi Sad, 2019
- Zoran Knežev, Turistički vodič kroz stari Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 2019
- Zoran Knežev, Vojvodina: Kazivanja i sećanja, Novi Sad, 2021
- Zoran Rapajić, Novi Sad bez tajni, Beograd, 2002
- Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991
- 30 godina mesne zajednice "7. Juli" u Novom Sadu 1974–2004 – monografija, Novi Sad, 2004
- Enciklopedija Novog Sada, sveske 1–26, Novi Sad, 1993–2005
- Sveske za istoriju Novog Sada, sveske 4–5, Novi Sad, 1993–1994
- Ustav za čitaonicu srpsku u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, 1993
External links
- Novi Sad – Official website (in Serbian and English)
- City assembly – Official website (in Serbian)
- Virtual tours through Novi Sad Archived 13 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Novi Sad 2022 – European Capital of Culture – Official website (in Serbian and English)
- Visit Distrikt Novi Sad – Official website (in Serbian and English)