Satu Mare
Satu Mare
Szatmárnémeti | ||
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Car Plates SM | | |
Climate | Cfb | |
Website | www |
Satu Mare (pronounced
Geography
Satu Mare is situated in
From a geomorphologic point of view, the city is located on the
The formation of the current terrain of the city, dating from the late
The water network around Satu Mare is composed of the Someș River,
Because the land slopes gently around the city, the Someș River has created numerous branches and
Flora and fauna
The flora associated with the town of Satu Mare is characteristic for the meadow area with trees of soft essence like wicker, indigenous poplar, maple and hazelnut. Grassland vegetation is represented by Agrostis stolonifera, Poa trivialis, Alopecurus pratensis and other types of vegetation.[3]
The city's largest park, the Garden of Rome, features some rare trees that are uncommon to the area, including the pagoda tree, native to East Asia (especially China); Pterocarya, also native to Asia; and Paulownia tomentosa, native to central and western China.[3]
Fauna is represented by species of rodents (
Climate
Satu Mare has a
Climate data for Satu Mare | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
3 (37) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
15 (59) |
7 (45) |
2 (36) |
13 (55) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−3 (27) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
9 (48) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
13 (55) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−2 (28) |
5 (41) |
Average precipitation cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
8 (3.1) |
7 (2.8) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.6) |
3 (1.2) |
2 (0.8) |
59 (23) |
Source: weatherbase.com[5] |
Name
The Hungarian name of the town Szatmár is believed to come from the personal name Zotmar, as the 13th-century Gesta Hungarorum gives the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement at the site of today's Satu Mare as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort").[6] The name Satu Mare, which means "great village" in Romanian, was used for the first time by the priest Moise Sora Novac in the 19th century.[7] An older Romanian name, Sătmar, was formally replaced by the current one in 1925.[8]
History
Archaeological evidence from
A
The city's importance was linked to the transportation and commerce of salt from nearby
Since the second half of the 19th century, it underwent important economic and socio-cultural changes. The city's large companies (the Unio wagon factory, the Princz Factory, the Ardeleana textile enterprise, the Freund petroleum refinery, the brick factory and the furniture factory) prospered in this period, and the city invested heavily in communication lines, schools, hospitals, public works and public parks. The banking and commerce system also developed: in 1929 the
After the collapse of
Jewish community
The presence of Jews in
Jewish population of Satu Mare | |||||||||||||
Year | Jewish population (% of total population)[17][18] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1734 | 11 | ||||||||||||
1746 | 19 | ||||||||||||
1850 | 78 | ||||||||||||
1870 | 1,357 (7.4%) | ||||||||||||
1890 | 3,427 (16.5%) | ||||||||||||
1910 | 7,194 (20.6%) | ||||||||||||
1930 | 11,533 (21%) | ||||||||||||
1941 | 12,960 (24.9%) | ||||||||||||
1944 | ~20,000 | ||||||||||||
1947 | 5,000 to 7,500 | ||||||||||||
1970 | 500 | ||||||||||||
2011 | 34 |
In the 1920s, there were several Zionist organizations in Satu Mare, and the yeshiva, one of the largest in the region, was attended by 400 students.
After Satu Mare became part of Hungary again in 1940, the civil rights and economic activities of the Jews were restricted, and in summer 1941, "foreign" Jews were deported to
In 2004, a Holocaust memorial was dedicated in the Decebal Street Synagogue's courtyard. Aside from the synagogues, two Jewish cemeteries also remain.[25]
Among the notable members of the local Jewish community have been historian Ignác Acsády, parliamentary deputies Ferenc Chorin and Kelemen Samu, politician Oszkár Jászi, writers Gyula Csehi, Rodion Markovits, Sándor Dénes, and Ernő Szép, painter Pál Erdös, Jacob Reinitz and director György Harag.[25]
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Satu Mare had a population of 91,520, making it the 20th largest city in Romania.[26]
Year | Population | Romanians | Hungarians | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1880 | 20,531 | 7.9% | 83.1% | ||||||||||
1890 | 21,874 | 8.1% | 89.9% | ||||||||||
1900 | 28,339 | 7.8% | 89.01% | ||||||||||
1910 | 36,460 | 6.3% | 91.4% | ||||||||||
1920 | 38,807 | 15.2% | 63.6% | ||||||||||
1930 | 53,010 | 28.9% | 57.1% | ||||||||||
1941 | 53,406 | 6.6% | 90.2% | ||||||||||
1956 | 53,672 | 36.5% | 58.2% | ||||||||||
1966 | 69,769 | 44.2% | 54.9% | ||||||||||
1977 | 103,544 | 51.04% | 47.2% | ||||||||||
1992 | 131,987 | 55.8% | 43.2% | ||||||||||
2002 | 115,142 | 57.9% | 39.3% | ||||||||||
2011[24] | 102,441 | 58.9% | 37.6% | ||||||||||
2021 | 91,520 | 61.9% | 36.3% | ||||||||||
Source (where not otherwise specified): |
Politics
Administration
The city government is headed by a mayor. Since 2016, the office is held by Gábor Kereskényi.[28] Decisions are approved and discussed by the local council made up of 23 elected councillors.[29] The city is divided into 12 districts laid out radially.[30] One of these, Sătmărel (Szatmárzsadány), is a separate village administered by the city.[31]
Additionally, as Satu Mare is the capital of Satu Mare County, the city hosts the palace of the prefecture, the headquarters of the county council and the prefect, who is appointed by Romania's central government. Like all other local councils in Romania, the Satu Mare local council, the county council and the city's mayor are elected every four years by the population.[32] The city is at the center of the Satu Mare metropolitan area, a metropolitan area established in 2013, with a population of 243,600, and which includes 26 cities, towns and communes.[33]
The Satu Mare City Council, elected at the 2020 local elections, is composed of the following parties:[34]
Party | Seats in 2020 | Current Council | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) | 12 | |||||||||||||
Save Romania Union (USR) | 4 | |||||||||||||
National Liberal Party (PNL) | 4 | |||||||||||||
Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 3 |
The city day is 14 May, which commemorates the devastating floods that affected the city in 1970, although it is also a day of rebirth.
Justice system
Satu Mare has a complex judicial organisation, as a consequence of its status of county capital. The Satu Mare Court of Justice is the local judicial institution and is under the purview of the Satu Mare County Tribunal, which also exerts its jurisdiction over the courts of Carei, Ardud, Negrești-Oaș, Tășnad and Livada.[35] Appeals from these tribunals' verdicts, and more serious cases, are directed to the Oradea Court of Appeals.[36] Satu Mare also hosts the county's commercial and military tribunals.[35]
Satu Mare has its own municipal police force, Poliția Municipiului Satu Mare, which is responsible for policing of crime within the whole city, and operates a number of special divisions. The Satu Mare Police are headquartered on Mihai Viteazul Street in the city centre (with a number of precincts throughout the city) and is subordinated to the county's
Transport
Road
Satu Mare has a complex system of transportation, providing road, air and rail connections to major cities in Romania and Europe. The city is an important road and rail hub located near the borders with Hungary and Ukraine. The city is connected to other major Romanian cities by road ( European route E81, European route E671 and European route E58) and by rail (CFR Main Line 400). The total number of automobiles registered in Satu Mare was 82,000 in 2008.[38] The city has around 400 streets with a total length of 178 km (111 mi) and cover an area of 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi).
Railway
Satu Mare Rail Station, located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the city centre, is situated on the Căile Ferate Române Line 400 (Brașov – Siculeni – Deda – Dej – Baia Mare),[39] on Line 402 (Oradea – Săcueni – Carei – Satu Mare – Halmeu)[39] and on Line 417 (Satu Mare – Bixad).[39] CFR provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and to Budapest.[39] The city is also served by another secondary rail station, the Saw Station (Gara Ferăstrău).[39]
Public transport
The main public transportation system in Satu Mare consists of bus lines. There are twenty-three urban and suburban lines with a total length of 190.1 km (118.1 mi), the main operator being Transurban S.A.[40] In addition, there are various taxi companies serving the city. It is worth mentioning that Satu Mare had a trolleybus system in the past, created on the 15th of November 1994 but has been closed in 2005.
Airport
The city is served by the Satu Mare International Airport (IATA: SUJ, ICAO: LRSM), located 13 km (8.1 mi) south of the city, with a concrete runway, one of the longest in Romania, with TAROM and Wizz Air operating regular flights to Bucharest, London and Antalya (seasonal only).[41][42]
Sports
Other popular recreational activities include
.The local women's basketball team
The Cypriot professional tennis player Marcos Baghdatis was brought to Satu Mare in 1998 for a month and a half by his former coach Jean Dobrescu[46] to train and to participate in local tennis competitions alongside his fellow Davis Cup team member, Rareș Cuzdriorean,[47] who is also a Satu Mare native with Cypriot citizenship.[48]
Fencing
Satu Mare has a tradition in
Economy
Satu Mare benefits from its proximity to the borders with Hungary and Ukraine, which makes it a prime location for logistical and industrial parks.
Companies that have established production facilities in Satu Mare are Voestalpine, Dräxlmaier Group,[50] Gotec Group,[51] Anvis Group,[52] Schlemmer, Casco Schützhelme and Zollner Elektronik[53][54] in the industrial sector; FrieslandCampina in the food sector; Radici Group in the textile sector; and Saint-Gobain and Boissigny in the wood industry.
Currently the largest private employer in Satu Mare is the German automotive company
Satu Mare's retail sector is fairly well-developed; a number of international companies such as
There is also an industrial park called Satu Mare Industrial Park located at the edge of the city on a 70 ha surface.
Education
Universities
Satu Mare is home to the Commercial Academy of Satu Mare[64] and several other branches of important Romanian universities:
- Babeș-Bolyai University[64]
- Spiru Haret University[64]
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca[64]
- University of Oradea[65]
- Vasile Goldiș West University of Arad[64]
High schools
Satu Mare has 16 high schools, of which four are national colleges:[66]
- Doamna Stanca National College[66]
- Ioan Slavici National College[66]
- Kölcsey Ferenc National College[66]
- Mihai Eminescu National College[66]
Gymnasiums
The city has 16 gymnasiums,[67] with the most important being:
- The Grigore Moisil Gymnasium (Școala Generală Grigore Moisil), founded in 1903 and named after the mathematician Grigore Moisil.[67][68]
- The Ion Creangă Gymnasium (Școala Generală Ion Creangă), founded in 1990 and named after the writer Ion Creangă.[67][69]
- The Lucian Blaga Gymnasium (Școala Generală Lucian Blaga), founded in 1996 by Ioan Viman and named after the philosopher and writer Lucian Blaga.[67][70]
Culture
Satu Mare has a county museum, an art museum,[71] and a theatre, the North Theatre, built in 1889 which has both a Hungarian and a Romanian section.[72] Concerts are given by the “Dinu Lipatti Philharmonic”, formerly the state symphonic orchestra of Satu Mare, in a concert hall in a wing of the Dacia Hotel.[73] The county library had 320.000 books in 1997, including a special bibliophile collections of over 70.000 volumes.[74]
Tourism
Major tourists attractions are:
- Administrative Palace, at 97 m (318 ft), one of the tallest buildings in Romania
- Capitoline Wolf statue
- Chain Church
- Dacia Hotel
- Decebal Street Synagogue
- Firemen's Tower, a 47 m (154 ft) tall tower
- Roman Catholic Cathedral
There are several hotels in the city: four 4-star hotels – Hotel Poesis, Villa Bodi, Satu-Mare City and Villa Class; eleven 3-star hotels – Astoria, Leon, Villa Lux, Dacia, Aurora, Dana I, Dana II, Select, Rania, Melody and Belvedere; and one 2-star hotel – Sport.
Media
Newspapers
- Informația Zilei – daily local newspaper[75]
- Gazeta de Nord-Vest – daily local newspaper[76]
- Cronica Sătmăreană – daily local newspaper
- Friss Újság – daily local newspaper in Hungarian language[77]
- Szatmári Magyar Hírlap – daily local newspaper in Hungarian language[78]
TV stations
Radio stations
- Radio City Satu Mare
- Radio Unu
- Radio Transilvania
- Radio ZU
- Kiss FM Satu Mare
Online portal
Consulates
- Honorary Consulate of Ukraine[79]
Natives
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Satu Mare is
- Zutphen, Netherlands, since 1970[80]
- Wolfenbüttel, Germany, since 1974[81]
- Nyíregyháza, Hungary, since 2000[82]
- Berehove, Ukraine, since 2007[83]
- Rzeszów, Poland, since 2007[84][85]
Gallery
-
Stephen the Great street
-
Hotel Dacia, detail
See also
- Satmar (Hasidic dynasty), a Jewish religious group named after this city
- List of companies based in Satu Mare
- List of natives and inhabitants of Satu Mare
References
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External links
Official websites
- Satu Mare administration official site (in Romanian, Hungarian, German, and English)
- Satu Mare County Prefecture (in Romanian)
- Satu Mare Municipal Council Archived 2022-08-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Romanian, Hungarian, German, and English)
- Transurban (Public Transport Company) official site (in Romanian)
- Satu Mare International Airport (in English and Romanian)
Unofficial websites
- Satu Mare Online (in Romanian)
- Satu-Mare.com (in Romanian)
- Szatmar.ro (in Hungarian)