1929 Australian federal election
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All 76[b] seats in the Australian House of Representatives 38 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Registered | 3,539,120 2.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 2,957,549 (94.85%)[a] (1.21 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1929 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 12 October 1929. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but there was no Senate election. The election was caused by the defeat of the Stanley Bruce-Earle Page Government in the House of Representatives over the Maritime Industries Bill, Bruce having declared that the vote on the bill would constitute a vote of confidence in his government.
With senators having fixed six-year terms, the terms of those senators elected in 1926 were not due to expire until 1932. Under the Constitution of Australia, no election for their replacement could occur more than a year prior to their terms expiring, except in the case of a double dissolution; since the constitutional conditions for a double dissolution did not exist, it was not possible to hold a half-Senate election in 1929. This was the first Commonwealth election for the House of Representatives only.
In the election, the incumbent
Labor won what was then its largest-ever majority in the House, but held only a minority of Senate seats as a result of the House-only election. The Nationalists had been in power since 1917, and in Coalition with the Country Party since 1923. This was the first and only time the Nationalists lost, as they merged to form the United Australia Party in 1931.
It was the only federal election in Australia's history at which no sitting members retired. It also saw the defeat of Prime Minister Stanley Bruce in his own seat of Flinders, the first time that an incumbent Prime Minister had been defeated for re-election in his own seat. That did not occur again until 2007, when John Howard lost his seat.
Future Prime Minister Joseph Lyons entered parliament at this election.
Although a non-Labor government was in office between 1932 and 1941, the 1929 election also marked the last time that a non-Labor government was voted out of office until 1972.
Background
Conflict over
In August these issues came to a head. On 14 August, a
Hughes and Mann joined the opposition in denouncing the bill, and were joined by rebelling Nationalist George Maxwell and independent Percy Stewart. At the second reading of the bill in September, it was apparent that it would narrowly pass. However, when the bill entered the committee stage, Hughes moved an amendment that the bill should not be proclaimed until submitted to the people, either by referendum or general election. Attorney-General John Latham noted that the Commonwealth had no power to call a referendum, making general election the only constitutionally valid result of the amendment. Bruce agreed, stating that the amendment would constitute a vote of confidence in his government.[4] The amendment had the support of the opposition, as well as the three Nationalist defectors. Independents Stewart and William McWilliams also indicated their support. The critical vote came down to Nationalist Walter Marks, who was known to be a supporter of the bill but unhappy with the government's handling of the movie industry, of which he was an ardent supporter. The new budget's "amusement tax" (which would harm film exhibitors) appeared to be the last straw, and Marks joined to defectors to vote for the amendment.[5]
With the vote now likely 35–34 in favour of the amendment, the Government was faced with a dilemma. The Chairman of Committees, Nationalist
Results
Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labor | 1,406,327 | 48.84 | +4.20 | 47[c] | +15 | ||
Nationalist–Country coalition | 1,271,619 | 44.16 | –5.40 | 24 | –18 | ||
Nationalist
|
975,979 | 33.90 | –5.20 | 14 | –15 | ||
Country | 295,640 | 10.27 | –0.20 | 10 | –3 | ||
Country Progressive | 27,942 | 0.97 | –0.64 | 1 | 0 | ||
Independents
|
173,362 | 6.02 | +2.61 | 4 | +3 | ||
Total | 2,879,250 | 76 | |||||
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
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Labor | Win | 56.70 | +8.30 | 46 | +15 | ||
Nationalist–Country coalition | 43.30 | −8.30 | 24 | –18 |
- Notes
- Independents: Billy Hughes (North Sydney, NSW), George Maxwell (Fawkner, Vic.), Walter Marks (Wentworth, NSW), William McWilliams (Franklin, Tas.)
- Nine members were elected unopposed – six Labor and three Country.
- No separate Senate election was held – see here for Senate composition.
Seats changing hands
Seat | Pre-1929 | Swing | Post-1929 | ||||||
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Party | Member | Margin | Margin | Member | Party | ||||
Angas, SA
|
Nationalist | Walter Parsons
|
9.4 | 14.1 | 4.7 | Moses Gabb | Labor | ||
Bass, Tas | Nationalist | Syd Jackson | 3.1 | 13.5 | 10.4 | Allan Guy | Labor | ||
Bendigo, Vic | Nationalist | Geoffry Hurry | 3.1 | 8.2 | 5.1 | Richard Keane | Labor | ||
Calare, NSW | Nationalist | Neville Howse | 10.7 | 12.3 | 1.6 | George Gibbons | Labor | ||
Corangamite, Vic | Country | William Gibson | 3.0 | 5.1 | 2.1 | Richard Crouch | Labor | ||
Corio, Vic | Nationalist | John Lister | 8.5 | 14.5 | 6.0 | Arthur Lewis | Labor | ||
Eden-Monaro, NSW | Nationalist | John Perkins | 7.6 | 7.7 | 0.1 | John Cusack | Labor | ||
Fawkner, Vic | Nationalist | George Maxwell | N/A | 23.1 | 11.4 | George Maxwell | Ind. Nationalist | ||
Flinders, Vic | Nationalist | Stanley Bruce | 10.7 | 10.9 | 0.2 | Jack Holloway | Labor | ||
Gwydir, NSW | Country | Aubrey Abbott | 2.3 | 6.0 | 3.7 | Lou Cunningham | Labor | ||
Kennedy, Qld | Nationalist | Grosvenor Francis | 2.4 | 5.5 | 3.1 | Darby Riordan | Labor | ||
Martin, NSW | Nationalist | Graham Pratten | 6.9 | 13.3 | 6.4 | John Eldridge | Labor | ||
North Sydney, NSW | Nationalist | Billy Hughes | N/A | 32.3 | 16.1 | Billy Hughes | Ind. Nationalist | ||
Parkes, NSW
|
Nationalist | Charles Marr | 7.4 | 15.2 | 7.8 | Edward McTiernan | Labor | ||
Parramatta, NSW | Nationalist | Eric Bowden | 10.1 | 13.4 | 3.3 | Albert Rowe | Labor | ||
Wakefield, SA | Country | Maurice Collins | 9.6 | 16.5 | 6.9 | Charles Hawker | Nationalist | ||
Wannon, Vic | Nationalist | Arthur Rodgers | 2.8 | 4.8 | 2.0 | John McNeill | Labor | ||
Wentworth, NSW | Nationalist | Walter Marks | 11.5 | 19.8 | 8.3 | Walter Marks | Ind. Nationalist | ||
Wilmot, Tas | Nationalist | Llewellyn Atkinson | 4.6 | N/A | 2.9 | Joseph Lyons | Labor |
See also
- Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1929
- Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1929-1931
Notes
- ^ Turnout in contested seats
- ^ The Northern Territory had one seat, but members for the territories did not have full voting rights until 1966 and did not count toward government formation.
- ^ Including Northern Territory
References
- ^ "Fast facts – James Scullin – Fast facts – Australia's Prime Ministers". Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ Radi, Heather. "Bruce, Stanley Melbourne (1883–1967)". Stanley Melbourne Bruce. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ISBN 0522843670.
- ISBN 0522843670.
- ^ Lloyd, C.J. "Walter Moffitt Marks (1875–1951)". Marks, Walter Moffitt (1875–1951). National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ISBN 978-0826445667.
- ^ "Dissolution Granted". The Argus. 13 September 1929. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
External links
- University of WA Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine election results in Australia since 1890
- Two-party-preferred vote since 1919