2/3rd Pioneer Battalion (Australia)

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For other uses, see 3rd Pioneer Battalion (Australia).

2/3rd Pioneer Battalion
Active1940–1946
CountryAustralia
BranchAustralian Army
RolePioneer
Part of9th Division
EngagementsWorld War II
Insignia
Unit colour patch

The 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion was a

Borneo campaign
. The battalion was disbanded in early 1946.

History

The 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion was raised for service during World War II as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) in May 1940 and drew the majority of its initial intake of personnel from Sydney.[1] The concept of pioneer battalions had originally been explored by the Australians during World War I, when five such battalions were formed and used as support troops assigned at divisional level on the Western Front. Notionally organised along a traditional infantry structure, pioneer battalions consisted of a headquarters and four companies, and were expected to serve to undertake minor engineering tasks during combat to free up trained engineers for more complex tasks. Four such units were raised during World War II to provide engineer support to the 2nd AIF's four infantry divisions, and within the divisional structure, the pioneers were administered as corps troops under the direction of the divisional engineer commander.[2]

After undertaking training in various locations in New South Wales, in March 1941 the battalion was moved to Darwin, Northern Territory, to undertake garrison duties. At that time they were assigned to the 7th Division and they remained in the north of Australia until September when they were transported to Sydney. Two months later they embarked on the Queen Mary, bound for the Middle East.[1]

They disembarked in Egypt in November and after spending some time in Palestine, they were sent to Syria to undertake garrison duties following the completion of the campaign against the Vichy French forces there. Following this, the battalion was transferred to the 9th Division after the decision was made to bring the 7th Division back to Australia in early 1942 in response to Japan's entry into the war. In July 1942, the 9th Division was moved from Syria to Egypt and between August and November, the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion took part in the fighting around El Alamein,[1] temporarily being assigned to the 24th Brigade when the 2/28th Battalion was virtually destroyed following an unsuccessful attack on Ruin Ridge.[3]

In early 1943, the battalion returned to Australia as the 9th Division was brought back from the Middle East to deal with the threat posed by Japan's entry into the war.

Atherton Tablelands in Queensland before the 2/3rd were committed to the fighting in the New Guinea campaign around Lae in September 1943.[1] The battalion's main involvement in the campaign was to carry out manual tasks such as unloading and carrying stores.[4] Later, during the Huon Peninsula campaign, they landed at Scarlet Beach, north of Finschhafen, where they served in a defensive role and helped to turn back a Japanese counter-attack before undertaking various construction tasks around Sattelberg.[1][5]

Soldiers from the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion's D Company moving along a track on Tarakan

In March 1944, the battalion was withdrawn back to Australia for rest and reorganisation. They subsequently spent over a year training in Queensland before taking part in the fighting on

Borneo campaign in mid-1945,[1] under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Anderson.[6] During the landing on Sadau, in the Balagau Strait, the battalion's personnel manned machine-guns on the landing craft that brought the Australians ashore.[1] Following this, the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion undertook engineering tasks around the beachhead. As the Australians advanced along the Anzac Highway towards the Japanese airfield, the battalion was withdrawn from construction tasks and put into the line as infantry.[7] On 4 May, they were assigned to support the 26th Brigade and after relieving the 2/23rd Battalion, they commenced patrolling operations around the Tarakan town and the adjacent oilfields. The following day they launched an attack against Japanese positions located on two hills dubbed "Helen" and "Sadie" by the Australians.[1] By 14 May, with artillery and air support, these positions were captured and two days elements of the battalion were able to advance through the Japanese lines, reaching the mouth of the Amal River on the coast.[8] It was during the fighting on "Helen" in early May that one of the battalion's soldiers, Corporal Jack Mackey, performed the deeds that resulted in him being posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.[1][9]

The fighting on Tarakan came to an end in mid-June when organised Japanese resistance was overcome.[1] Small pockets of Japanese troops remained at large, however, and so mopping up operations were undertaken throughout June and into July until these groups began to surrender due to their increasingly desperate shortage of food.[7] During this time, the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion conducted barge patrols between Tarakan and the neighbouring islands, as well as undertaking foot patrols in the south of the island.[10]

On 15 August, following the

Mentions in Despatches.[1]

After the war, the functions of the pioneers were subsumed into traditional infantry battalions, which each raised a platoon of assault pioneers within their support companies. As a result, no pioneer battalions have been re-raised in the Australian Army since the end of World War II.[14]

Battle honours

The 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion received the following battle honours:

  • Capture of Lae, North Africa 1942, El Alamein, South-West Pacific 1943–45, Finschhafen, Defence of Scarlet Beach, Siki Cove, Borneo, Tarakan.[1]

Commanding officers

The following officers served as commanding officer of the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion:

  • John Alexander Anderson,
  • Alfred Victor Gallasch,
  • William Charles Douglas Veale.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "2/3rd Pioneer Battalion". Second World War, 1939–1945 units. Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  2. ^ Dennis et al 1995, pp. 465–466.
  3. ^ Mackenzie-Smith 2018, p. 2102.
  4. ^ Johnston 2005, p. 30
  5. ^ Keogh 1965, p. 327.
  6. ^ Long 1963, p. 411.
  7. ^ a b Keogh 1965, p. 443.
  8. ^ Long 1963, p. 433.
  9. ^ Long 1963, p. 432.
  10. ^ Long 1963, pp. 447–448.
  11. ^ Harries & Harries 1991, p. 458.
  12. ^ Long 1963, p. 450.
  13. ^ James 2009, p. 14.
  14. ^ Dennis et al 1995, p. 466.

References

Further reading

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