20 sen note
(Japan) | |
---|---|
Value | +1⁄5 Japanese yen |
Years of printing | 1872–1919[a] |
Obverse | |
Design | Various designs depending on the series. |
Reverse | |
Design | Various designs depending on the series. |
The 20 sen note (二十銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen in three different government issued series from 1872 to 1919 for use in commerce. Meiji Tsūhō notes are the first modern banknotes issued after Japanese officials studied western culture. These notes were replaced due to counterfeting by a redesigned series called "Ōkura-kyō" for "sen" denominations. Both of these series were officially abolished in 1899 in favor of notes issued by the Bank of Japan. Government issued notes only returned during the Taishō era in the form of an emergency issue due to a coin shortage. These were only issued between 1917 and 1919 before they were finally abolished in 1948. Twenty sen notes are now bought and sold as collectors items depending on condition.
History
Meiji Tsūhō (1872)
The first twenty sen notes adopted and released by the Japanese government are part of a series known as
Ōkura-kyō series (1882)
Previous Meiji Tsūhō twenty sen notes were printed using
The series as a whole was still considered to be "extremely decorative" and received top-class reputation internationally. These notes were made as a countermeasure against counterfeiting by using the best technology available at the time.[12][16] New paper called "mitsumata" was domestically produced for the notes by the National Printing Bureau.[10] Twenty sen notes were printed with dimensions of 59 mm x 93 mm with a watermark which made them difficult to forge.[11][13] When these twenty sen notes were issued to the public in December 1882 (year 15) they were widely favored.[12][13] The "Convertible Bank-notes Law" was adopted in May 1884 which provided the issuance of Bank of Japan notes in denominations of yen.[17] This law allowed Bank of Japan notes to be exchangeable for silver coinage, and was promulgated to gradually convert government issued currency (redesigned series) into silver after 1886.[18] The Japanese government adopted the gold standard on March 26, 1897 which switched over the redemption of government banknotes from silver to gold.[19] It was during this time that the government decided to end the circulation of government issued banknotes by the end of the century. Twenty sen Ōkura-kyō notes were thus abolished on December 31, 1899 (year 32) along with other government banknotes.[13][20]
Taishō fractional notes (1917–1919)
It was initially agreed that the notes would be bound by a restriction stating that they could only be issued until one year after the end of the war.[30] This date came and went as World War I ended in November 1918 (year 7) and the new year began. It was ultimately decided to allow the issuance to continue for a while longer as there was still a shortage in coinage.[30] Twenty sen Taishō notes have the shortest production run as they were only issued until 1919 (8th year of Taishō).[30] These were later suspended with other denominations on April 1, 1921 with exceptions made for people who wanted to exchange "soiled or damaged" notes.[31][32] Twenty sen coins were abandoned during this time after efforts to re-establish a reduced silver coin failed. Rapid inflation caused by World War II eventually rendered Taishō twenty sen notes worthless and obsolete. The notes held on to their legal tender status until August 31, 1948 when they were abolished.[33][34] Subsidiary coinage and currency as a whole was eventually demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing it in favor of the yen.[35] Currencies of less than one yen were rarely used by this time anyway due to the excessive post-war inflation.[36]
Collecting
The value of any given banknote is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer original notes with bright rich coloring. In contrast to this are notes with ink stains, missing pieces, and evidence of repairs which can all impact the value of any given note. The oldest twenty sen notes include the Meiji Tsūhō series issued from 1872 to 1887. These were all made in Germany with a print run of 46,100,557 notes during their fifteen year use in commerce.[37] The amount printed is in the middle when compared to the three different denominations of sen (10 sen, 20 sen, and 50 sen), and "many" were used.[6][38] "Expensive" purchases can be expected for quality as the amount of surviving banknotes remain in mostly worn grades.[37] These notes can be obtained in average condition for 2500+ yen (~$25+ USD) with prices ranging in the 10,000s of yen ($100+ USD) for examples in high grades.[37] Professional grading is recommended for this series as "many" counterfeit notes exist on the market.[6] The next series are Ōkura-kyō (redesigned) notes issued from 1882 to 1899 in several different denominations. Twenty sen notes in particular were issued in a large amount which makes them the least expensive of the series.[7] Even so, the notes are valued in the high thousands of yen in average condition to the tens of thousand in high grades.[13][39] The last twenty sen notes issued for commerce were Taishō fractional notes from 1917 (Taishō year 6) to 1919 (Taishō year 8). Average condition notes can be collected for less than 1,000 yen (<$10 USD), but prices soar with pristine 1917 (year 6) examples.[40][41]
See also
- Banknotes of the Japanese yen
- Bank of Japan
- Dai-Ichi Ginko Korean notes - similar in appearance to Meiji Tsūhō notes.
Notes
- ^ Non consecutive
References
- ^ "Japan - Great Japanese Government - Ministry of Finance: 1872 Issue 10 Sen". Paper Money Guaranty. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
- ^ "Mint Ayumi" (PDF). Mint Ayumi Editorial Committee (in Japanese). 2010.
- ^ Statistics Bureau (Japan) (1966). Supplement to Hundred-year Statistics of the Japanese Economy. Statistics Department, Bank of Japan.
which were subsequently issued in denominations of 1 yen , 50 sen , 20 sen and 10 sen in April 1872
- ^ The History of Japanese Paper Currency. Johns Hopkins Press. 1903. p. 42.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "明治通宝20銭券" (in Japanese). Buntetsu. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "過去に明治通宝の偽物が出回ったことも…". Kosen Kantei (in Japanese). 5 February 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ a b "【改造紙幣】買取価値はいくら?平均価格&査定相場《全5種類》". Kosen Kantei (in Japanese). 14 February 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ United States Mint (1901). Annual Report of the Director of the Mint. United States Department of the Treasury. p. 324.
- ^ "国立銀行紙幣の通用及引換期限に関する法律". Ministry of Finance (Japan). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c "日本初の肖像入りのお札 改造紙幣(神功皇后札)1円". Banknote & Postage Stamp Museum (in Japanese). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b "改造紙幣とは?紙幣のモデルに神功皇后が選ばれた理由について". Kosen Kantei (in Japanese). 14 February 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "改造紙幣20銭". Kosen Kaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "大日本帝国改造紙幣20銭・50銭札の価値と買取相場". Antique Coin Info (in Japanese). 6 April 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ "銀行券の複製に関する主な法令". Bank of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ History, Bank of Japan, archived from the original on 2007-12-14.
- ^ "お札に肖像として描かれた人物にはどのような人がいますか?". Bank of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ Kokusai Tsushin-Sha (1915). Japan as it is. pp. 262–263.
- )
- ^ Statistics Department (1966). Supplement to Hundred-year Statistics of the Japanese Economy. Bank of Japan. p. 93.
- ^ The Gold Standard in Japan. Sound Currency Committee of the Reform Club. 1899. p. 29.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ a b "大正20銭券" (in Japanese). Buntetsu. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- ^ "大正小額政府紙幣 10銭". Muuseo. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ "桐一銭青銅貨 Kiri 1 Sen (Bronze)". Pepper's Square. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c United States Department of the Treasury (1918). Annual Report of the Director of the Mint. Bureau of the Mint. p. 234.
- ^ "旭日20銭銀貨 Rising Sun 20 Sen (Silver)". Pepper's Square (in Japanese). Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ United States Department of the Treasury (1919). Annual Report of the Director of the Mint. Bureau of the Mint. p. 260.
- ^ Money (coinage). Standard Statistics Company. 1918. p. 120.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce (1929). Present Paper Currency. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 20.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "【参考買取価格】大正小額政府紙幣の価値は?". Octopus Maro (in Japanese). Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ a b c "大正小額紙幣の買取価格相場一覧価値や詳細、買取情報についてご紹介". Kosen Kaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ Great Britain. Department of Overseas Trade (1920). Report on Economic and Commercial Conditions in Japan. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 9.
The issue of 10 sen and 20 sen notes would be suspended after March 31st, 1921, except for the purpose of meeting the demands for exchange of soiled or damaged notes
- ^ The Numismatist. Vol. 36. American Numismatic Association. 1923. p. 65.
- ^ "法律第四十二号(昭二三・五・一三)". House of Representatives (Japan) (in Japanese). Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ 明治以降の紙幣 (PDF) (in Japanese). p. 4.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ "小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律" [A law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination and rounding off a fraction, July 15, 1953 Law No.60]. www.shugiin.go.jp. Archived from the original on June 28, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ "1円未満のお金が使えなくなったのはいつからですか?". Bank of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ a b c "明治通宝10銭と20銭の価値と買取相場". Antique Coin Info (in Japanese). 5 April 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ "明治通宝【10銭】の価値と買い取り価格". Kosen Kaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ "改造紙幣の価値と買取相場 (2020年度版)". Octopus Maro (in Japanese). Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- ^ "大正小額紙幣10銭札の価値と買い取り価格". Kosen Kaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ "大正小額紙幣10銭・20銭・50銭札の価値と買取相場". Antique Coin Info (in Japanese). 9 April 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2020.