21st Division (German Empire)
| 21st Division (21. Division); in 1870-71 and from August 2, 1914, 21st Infantry Division (21. Infanterie-Division) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1866-1919 |
| Country | Paris 2nd Somme |
The 21st Division (21. Division) was a unit of the
The division was recruited in the formerly independent
The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
Combat chronicle
During the
In World War I in 1914, the 21st Infantry Division fought in the Allied
Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War
During wartime, the 21st Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 21st Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:[7]
- 41. Infanterie-Brigade
- Füsilier-Regiment Nr. 34
- Füsilier-Regiment Nr. 80
- 42. Infanterie-Brigade
- Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 81
- Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 88
- Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 11
- Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 5
Pre-World War I organization
German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. As noted above, the 21st Division was reorganized to become primarily a Hannover/Brunswick unit. The organization of the 21st Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:[8]
- 41. Infanterie-Brigade:
- 1. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 87
- 2. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 88
- 42.Infanterie-Brigade:
- Füsilier-Regiment von Gerdsdorff (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 80
- Infanterie-Regiment Landgraf Friedrich I. von Hessen-Kassel (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 81
- 21. Kavallerie-Brigade:
- Magdeburgisches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 6
- Thüringisches Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 6[9]
- 21. Feldartillerie-Brigade:
- 1. Nassauisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 27
- 2. Nassauisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 63
Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 21st Division was again renamed the 21st Infantry Division and its initial wartime organization was as follows:[10]
- 41. Infanterie-Brigade:
- 1. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 87
- 2. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 88
- 42.Infanterie-Brigade:
- Füsilier-Regiment von Gerdsdorff (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 80
- Infanterie-Regiment Landgraf Friedrich I. von Hessen-Kassel (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 81
- Thüringisches Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 6
- 21. Feldartillerie-Brigade:
- 1. Nassauisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 27
- 2. Nassauisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 63
- 1.Kompanie/1. Nassauisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 21
Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 21st Infantry Division's order of battle on April 28, 1918, was as follows:[10]
- 42. Infanterie-Brigade:
- Füsilier-Regiment von Gerdsdorff (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 80
- Infanterie-Regiment Landgraf Friedrich I. von Hessen-Kassel (1. Kurhessisches) Nr. 81
- 1. Nassauisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 87
- 2.Eskadron/Magdeburgisches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 6
- Artillerie-Kommandeur 21:
- 1. Nassauisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 27
- II.Bataillon/Badisches Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 14 (from May 7, 1918)
- Stab 1. Nassauisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 21:
- 1.Kompanie/1. Nassauisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 21
- 5.Kompanie/1. Nassauisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 21
- Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 21
- Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 21
References
- 21. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918) - Der erste Weltkrieg
- Claus von Bredow, bearb., Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres (1905)
- Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)
- Hermann Cron, Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 (Berlin, 1937)
- Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
- Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920)
Notes
- ^ From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army, as during the period of German unification (1866-1871) the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.
- ^ Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.118; Claus von Bredow, bearb., Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres (1905), p.737-738.
- ^ Bredow, p. 737.
- ^ Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935); Wegner, p.738.
- ^ 21. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918)
- ^ Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920), pp. 314-317.
- ^ A. Niemann, Der französische Feldzug 1870-1871 (Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Hildburghausen, 1871), p. 47.
- ^ Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee (1914), pp. 105-106.
- ^ Commander in 1903-06 Archived 2012-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle