9th Army (German Empire)
9. Armee 9th Army | |
---|---|
Active | 19 September 1914 – 30 July 1916 6 September 1916 – 18 September 1918 |
Country | German Empire |
Type | Army |
Engagements | World War I
|
Insignia | |
Abbreviation | A.O.K. 9 |
The 9th Army (
Romanian Campaign. It was transferred to the Western Front on 19 June 1918 where it was finally dissolved on 18 September 1918.[1]
History
First formation
The 9th Army Headquarters was established in
1st Austro-Hungarian Army
.
Organization of the 9th Army on 1 October 1914 | ||
---|---|---|
Army | Corps | Division |
9th Army Generaloberst Paul von Hindenburg |
XI Corps General der Infanterie Otto von Plüskow from 3rd Army, Western Front |
22nd Infantry Division |
38th Infantry Division | ||
XVII Corps General der Kavallerie August von Mackensen from 8th Army |
35th Infantry Division | |
36th Infantry Division | ||
XX Corps General der Infanterie Friedrich von Scholtz from 8th Army |
37th Infantry Division | |
41st Infantry Division | ||
Guards Reserve Corps General der Artillerie Max von Gallwitz from 2nd Army, Western Front |
3rd Guards Infantry Division | |
1st Guards Reserve Division | ||
1st Austro-Hungarian Army[3]
|
3rd Landwehr Division | |
4th Landwehr Division | ||
III Cavalry Corps General der Kavallerie Rudolf Ritter von Frommel from Western Front |
8th Cavalry Division | |
Under Army command | 35th Reserve Division in Fortress Thorn | |
Landwehr Division Bredow in Posen[4] | ||
4 Landwehr Brigades | ||
Fortresses at Glogau
|
Second formation
9th Army was reformed for the
1st Austro-Hungarian Army (1st A-H Army) it formed the Siebenburg Sector and had the following units:[5]
- XXXIX Reserve Corps
- Group von Szivo (A-H)
- Group Danube (A-H)
- 145th Infantry Brigade (A-H)
- Group Sunkel (A-H)
- 187th Division
- part of 144th Infantry Brigade (A-H)
- part of Alpenkorps[6]
- Group Krafft
- part of Alpenkorps
- Group von Szivo (A-H)
- Cavalry Corps "Schmettow"
- 51st HonvédInfantry Division (A-H)
- 3rd Cavalry Division
- 1st Cavalry Division (A-H)
- 51st
- En route
-
Romanian invasion of Austria-Hungary, August 1916
-
Central Powers counterattack, September–October 1916
-
Operations in Romania, November 1916 to January 1917
Commanders
The original 9th Army had the following commanders until it was dissolved 30 July 1916:[7]
From | Commander | Previously | Subsequently, |
---|---|---|---|
18 September 1914 | Generaloberst Paul von Hindenburg | 8th Army | OB East[8] |
2 November 1914 | General der Kavallerie August von Mackensen | XVII Corps | 11th Army |
17 December 1914 | Generaloberst August von Mackensen | ||
17 April 1915 | General der Kavallerie Prince Leopold of Bavaria | Brought out of retirement | Heeresgruppe Leopold concurrently from 5 August 1915 |
A "new" 9th Army was formed in Transylvania for the Romanian Campaign on 6 September 1916. It was dissolved on the Western Front on 18 September 1918.[9]
From | Commander | Previously | Subsequently, |
---|---|---|---|
6 September 1916 | General der Infanterie Erich von Falkenhayn | Chief of the General Staff | Heeresgruppe F |
1 May 1917 | General der Infanterie Robert Kosch | 52nd Corps (z.b.V.) |
52nd Corps (z.b.V.)
|
10 June 1917 | General der Infanterie Johannes von Eben | I Corps | Armee-Abteilung A
|
9 June 1918 | General der Infanterie Fritz von Below | 2nd Army | [10] |
6 August 1918 | General der Infanterie Adolph von Carlowitz | XIX Corps | 2nd Army |
Glossary
- Armee-Abteilung or Army Detachment in the sense of "something detached from an Army". It is not under the command of an Army so is in itself a small Army.[11]
- Armee-Gruppe or Army Group in the sense of a group within an Army and under its command, generally formed as a temporary measure for a specific task.
- Heeresgruppe or Army Groupin the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.
See also
- 9th Army (Wehrmacht) for the equivalent formation in World War II
- Great Retreat (Russian)
References
- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 80–81
- ^ Ellis & Cox 1993, p. 188
- 1st Austro-Hungarian Army. Joined 9th Army on 24 September 1914.
- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 101–102 Formed as a temporary division on 5 September 1914. Redesignated 18th Landwehr Division in December 1915.
- ^ Ellis & Cox 1993, p. 194
- ^ Despite its name, this was a division-sized formation.
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 396
- ^ Supreme Commander East (German: 'Oberbefehlshaber Ost')
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 396
- ^ The Prussian Machine Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 5 February 2012 Below was nominally in command, but contracted pneumonia so von Eben remained in provisional command
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 84
Bibliography
- Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914–18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
- Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.