7th Texas Infantry Regiment
7th Texas Infantry Regiment | |
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Active | 2 October 1861 – 26 April 1865 |
Country | Confederate States of America |
Allegiance | Confederate States of America, Texas |
Branch | Confederate States Army |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Regiment |
Nickname(s) | Gregg's Regiment |
Equipment | Rifled musket |
Engagements |
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Commanders | |
Notable commanders | John Gregg Hiram B. Granbury |
Texas Infantry Regiments (Confederate) | ||||
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The 7th Texas Infantry Regiment was a unit of
History
Formation
In 1861,
1862
On 9 February 1862, the 7th Texas marched to
On 16 September 1862, the soldiers of the 7th Texas were exchanged at Vicksburg, Mississippi. There were so few remaining men that they were temporarily consolidated with the 49th and 55th Tennessee Infantry Regiments, which were also captured at Fort Donelson. Gregg received promotion to brigadier general, effective 29 August 1862, and Granbury replaced Gregg as colonel. William L. Moody, a businessman from Fairfield, became lieutenant colonel and Khleber M. Van Zandt, a lawyer from Marshall, became major.[1]
1863–1865
In January and February 1863, so many recruits from Texas arrived that the 7th Texas resumed its individual identity. The regiment was assigned to Gregg's brigade and fought in the
Gregg's brigade fought in the Battle of Jackson, Mississippi on 14 May 1863.[9] Moody was badly wounded in July near Jackson, Mississippi and never returned to the regiment. The 7th Texas fought at the Battle of Chickamauga on 19–20 September, losing eight killed, 78 wounded, and one captured out of 177 men.[1] Gregg's brigade, which formed part of Bushrod Johnson's division, suffered 109 killed, 474 wounded, and 18 missing, a total of 601 casualties.[10] On the first day, Gregg's brigade became involved in a see-saw musketry duel with Hans Christian Heg's Federal brigade.[11] Later, as Gregg's regiments were moving through the forest, they bumped into Charles Garrison Harker's Union brigade. In heavy woods, Gregg inadvertently rode into a Federal skirmish line and was shot down. After the skirmishers took his sword and spurs, some men from the nearby Texas Brigade rescued the unconscious general. Cyrus Sugg took command of Gregg's brigade.[12] On the second day, James Longstreet placed Johnson's division at the forefront of his heavy column of attack. The 7th Texas formed the left flank of Johnson's first line. By an astonishing blunder, the opposing Union troops marched away, leaving a hole in their line. Johnson's division advanced into the gap, beginning the rout of the Union right wing.[13] Later, when Sugg's brigade was striking toward the Union rear at Horseshoe Ridge, James B. Steedman's Union division fortuitously appeared and repulsed the Confederate attacks.[14]
Before the Battle of Missionary Ridge on 25 November 1863, there was a reorganization that assigned the 7th Texas to James Argyle Smith's brigade in Patrick Cleburne's division. The other units in Smith's brigade were the 6th-10th-15th Consolidated Texas Regiments and the 17th-18th-24th-25th Consolidated Texas Cavalry Regiments.[15] All cavalry units were dismounted. Smith's brigade counted about 1,300 men and was deployed to defend Tunnel Hill at the northern end of Missionary Ridge.[16] Beginning around 10:30 am, Smith's brigade and nearby units became the target of piecemeal Federal attacks. During an early counterattack, Smith was badly wounded and Granbury took command of the brigade.[17] So many gunners from Swett's Mississippi Battery became casualties, that soldiers from the 7th Texas were detailed to man the guns.[18] At 4:00 pm Cleburne ordered a counterattack which was highly successful. Led by Granbury's Texans, the Confederates charged, capturing numerous Union soldiers and sweeping the survivors off Tunnel Hill.[19]
Granbury's Texas brigade fought at the
At the
The remnant of the 7th Texas served in the
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bell 2011.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987a, p. 403.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987a, p. 429.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987b, p. 550.
- ^ Ambrose & Bearss 1967, p. 20.
- ^ a b Ambrose & Bearss 1967, p. 19.
- ^ Ambrose & Bearss 1967, p. 33.
- ^ Ambrose & Bearss 1967, p. 34.
- ^ Ambrose & Bearss 1967, p. 35.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987b, p. 675.
- ^ Cozzens 1996, pp. 198–200.
- ^ Cozzens 1996, pp. 259–260.
- ^ Cozzens 1996, pp. 368–369.
- ^ Cozzens 1996, pp. 444–450.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, p. 411.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, p. 208.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, p. 212.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, p. 215.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, pp. 235–239.
- ^ Cozzens 1994, pp. 370–384.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987c, p. 290.
- ^ Foote 1986, p. 528.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987c, p. 474.
- ^ Battles & Leaders 1987c, p. 699.
References
- Ambrose, Stephen E.; Bearss, Ed (1967). "Struggle for Vicksburg". Civil War Times. Gettysburg, Pa.: Historical Times, Inc.
- Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 1. Secaucus, N.J.: Castle. 1987a [1883]. ISBN 0-89009-569-8.
- Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 3. Secaucus, N.J.: Castle. 1987b [1883]. ISBN 0-89009-571-X.
- Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Vol. 4. Secaucus, N.J.: Castle. 1987c [1883]. ISBN 0-89009-572-8.
- Bell, Tim: Seventh Texas Infantry from the Handbook of Texas Online (June 8, 2011). Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- ISBN 0-252-01922-9.
- ISBN 0-252-06594-8.
- ISBN 0-394-74622-8.