Abraham Malpan

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Abraham Malpan
Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
(1898)

Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan, (30 May 1796 – 9 September 1845) was an Indian cleric and

Oriental Orthodoxy after the Coonan Cross Oath
of 1653.

Abraham Malpan translated and revised the West Syriac liturgy, restoring the Church to what he considered to be its position before the

Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church in 1898.[1]

Early days

Palakunnathu Family

In the seventeenth century, a member of the Panamkuzhy family (a branch of the Pakalomattam family), came and settled in Kozhencherry on the banks of river Pampa. Later they moved to Maramon, and lived at Chackkalyil, on the other side of the river. The second son in that family, Mathen moved to the nearby Palakunnathu house. His fifth son was a celibate priest (sanyasi achen). As was the custom, His youngest son Mathew lived at Palakunnathu family house. (This house still exists). His second son Abraham Malpan later moved to Palakunnathu Kuzhiathu house.[2]

A number of Malankara Syrian Church leaders were born in this family like

Thomas Mar Athanasius Malankara Metropolitan, Titus I Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Mar Thoma XV); Titus II Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Mar Thoma XVI)etc. The former head of the Marthoma Church, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Mar Thoma XXI), is also from this family.[2]

Early life

Abraham Malpan was born on 30 May 1796 as the second son of Palakunnathu Mathew and Mariamma of Pakalomattathil-Mullasseril (പകലൊമറ്റത്തിൽ-മുല്ലശ്ശേരിൽ) Family, of Mullasseril Family,

Punnuthra Mar Dionysius agreed, and the practice ended. Abraham Malpan was one of the first of the priests to get married for getting the cash prize.[4][5]

As a clergyman

According to Church practices and Biblical Instructions, theological students were made deacons at the age of 20 and priests at the age of 30. But during the time just before the reformation small children of 7 years were ordained as deacons by the bishops after taking big bribes from the parents. And people who did not have any theological education were made priests at the age of 16 or 17.

After his Malayalam Education Malpan was sent to study Syriac, the language of the liturgy, under Padinjarekutu Korah Malpan, Puthupally. It was a residential discipleship like the ancient Indian Gurukula education. Abraham obtained good fluency in Syriac and the Bible and acquired a sound knowledge of Christian theology. He was ordained as a Semmasson (deacon) in 1811, and received the priestly ordination as a Kassessa (priest) in 1815 from Mar Thoma VIII. He was appointed as the Vicar of Maramon parish.

Reformation

During the time of Marthoma VI, Anglican missionary Claudius Buchanan visited Malankara. He met Marthoma in 1806.[6] With his help, the Bible was translated from the original Aramaic language and was distributed to the parishes. Soon after his meeting, representatives of the parishes met at Arthat church and declared (Arthat Padiola) that the people should not follow the teachings by Rome.[7] This meeting can be considered to be the beginning of Sucheekarana Prasthanam ('Purification Movement – Reformation) in Malankara Church.

In 1816, Mar Thoma X, (Pulikottil Mar Dionysius) appointed Abraham Malpan as an educator of Syriac at the Kottayam Seminary.

His uncle, Thomma Malpan was of opinion that many of the beliefs that infiltrated into Malankara Church were against the teaching of the Bible. While he was the guardian of Abraham Malpan in his younger days, they talked about restoring the Church to its previous position before the Synod of Diamper. Teaching at the Kottayam Seminary, gave him enough time to read and study the Bible in his mother tongue, Malayalam.

Mar Thoma XI, (Punnathra Mar Dionysius) convened a meeting of representatives of the Malankara Church at Mavelikkara, on 3 December 1818. In that meeting a committee was appointed to recommend reforms in the Church. Abraham Malpan, Kaithayil Geevarghese Malpan of the Kaithayil house, Eruthikkal Markose Kathanar of the Eruthikkal house, Adangapurathu Joseph Kathanar of the Adangapurathu house, were members of this committee. This is considered as the first step in carrying out the Sucheekaranam (Purification – Reformation) in Malankara Church. But after the demise of Mar Thoma XI, things changed. Mar Dionysius IV of Cheppad
became Marthoma XII.

Due to doubts about the validity of the consecration of Mar Thoma VIII, Abraham Malpan had some doubts about his own ordination. So when a Jacobite bishop from Syria came, he and two others had themselves reordained by him. Dionysius lodged a complaint against them to the government of Travancore and they were fined 336 fanam (Rs. 84) for flouting the authority of the Indian bishop.[8]

In 1835 Bishop of Calcutta Daniel Wilson visited

Jacobite Syrians are under the rule of the Patriarch of Antioch ..."[9]

Trumpet Call and Reforms

On 6 September 1836, strategies were formed by a group of 12 senior clergy under the leadership of Abraham Malpan, to initiate reformation. They issued a circular describing what they considered the wrong teachings, and a statement listing twenty-four evil practices which the Church had picked up due to its association with other churches and religions. They sent the same as a petition to governmental authorities; which all started from an order to investigate the reforms that could be made by the metropolitan.[10][11]

Marthoman Church Maramon (2005)

At the time of Purification, a number of reforms were made in church. A few of them are given below.[12][13][14]

  1. Translated and revised the liturgy thus removing practices that he deemed unscriptural.
  2. Abolished prayers for the dead, invocation of saints, and veneration of sacraments.
  3. Abolished auricular confession.
  4. Introduced the practice of giving Holy Communion to the people in both kinds.
  5. Emphasized the reading and study of the Bible, family-worship and evangelistic work.
  6. Removed pictures and drawings and statues from the churches and places of worship.
  7. Insisted on a good moral standard of conduct for the laity and simple living for the clergy with high morale.

On Monday 29 August 1836 (Malayalam Era (Kollavarsham) 1012 Chingam 15), the closing day of the 15 Day lent Abraham Malpan celebrated the Holy Qurbana Service in Malayalam directly translating from the Syriac Text at his home parish in Maramon. Clergy who supported him also followed it in various other parishes.[citation needed].

Every year in the first week of October, there was a church festival at Maramon, connected with saintly Maphriyono-Catholicos Mor Baselious Yeldho.[15] A wooden image of the saint named as 'Muthappen' (meaning: Elder Father), was taken around in procession and people used to offer prayers and offerings to it. In 1837, 22 years after taking over as vicar of the parish, Abraham Malpan took the image and threw it into a well saying, "Why consult the dead on behalf of the living?" (Isaiah 8:19) as this practice of veneration and prayer to saints was clearly idolatrous according to various scriptures like Exodus 20:3-5 ( First commandment of God ), Romans 1:25, 1 Corinthians 10:7-14, Revelation 9:20 and idolatry leads to eternal hell fire according to Revelation 21:8 - Holy Bible.

After-effects

Abraham Malpan and

Cheppad Philipose Mar Dionysius, were spiritual companions. But when Abraham Malpan used the revised liturgy and brought about changes in practices, that disappointed and offended Marthoma XII who threatened him with excommunication. But Abraham Malpan informed him that if excommunicated, he would not ask to revoke it. Marthoma XII, did not terminate or laicize Malpan as being a prelate, allowed him to keep the vicar position and suspended[5] Malpan from religious duties; also refused priesthood to the deacons trained under him as a casuistic measure.[16] Abraham Malpan was not disheartened. He continued with the reforms. He returned to Maramon. Many of his students joined him to continue their studies. All those who believed that the church needed to be revitalised also joined him. Members of parishes in Kozhencherry, Ayroor, Kumbanad, Koorthamala, Eraviperoor, Thumpamon, Elanthoor, Kundara, Kottarakara, Mavelikara, Mallapally, and many other places made trips to Maramon to attend the service in Malayalam
and listen to his sermons. Doors were also opened for reformation in other places by clergymen who supported him.

At this stage he had three choices in front of him. Repent and go back to the old beliefs; join the Anglican Church with western theology and aid; or go forward with the reformation. He decided to choose the third one.

Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan

St. Gregorios of Parumala
). In 1868, while he was the Metropolitan of Malankara Syrian Church, he had also ordained his cousin - Thomas Mar Athanasius (later took over the matters with the Royal court relative to the disputes with Malankara Syrian Church on behalf of Mathews Mar Athanasius).

Final days

Abraham Malpan was a diabetic, for which there was no proper treatment at the time. By the age of 50, he became very sick and died on September 9, 1845. He was buried the next day at the Maramon Church. The funeral service was conducted by his nephew Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan, of the Malankara Syrian Church.

Conclusion

Abraham Malpan is generally viewed as either a conservative radical reformer or a harried schismatic in the annals of Indian Christianity. Due to his untimely death and lack of writings, it is difficult to ascertain what exactly Malpan envisioned, but what is known is that he was a zealous, passionate and stern man. He lived for the edification of the Syrian Church and loved it by disliking and questioning it and trying to redress it through reformation. Due to a lack of resources and biased reports offered by conflicting historians and scribes, it is unclear to what degree he wanted to reform the church, yet the Malpan's beliefs of what should be reformed need not be normative for the church. But what is virtually agreed upon was his unquenchable desire to reform it timely and be biblically sound to what can be counted, and the event as an inspiration in dormancy and as a guide for readiness to change, in the present day.[5]

Citations

  1. ^ Mar Thoma Sabha Directory (1999), Page 24.
  2. ^ a b Cherian Cherian. (1958). Maramon Pakalomattom Chackalyil Kudumba Charitram. (Family History of Maramon Pakalomattom Chackalyil). N.M. Mathew, (2003). History of Palakunnathu Family.
  3. ^ "Heritage". Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2008.
  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ a b c Abraham Malpan Retrieved 11 March 2023
  6. ^ Buchanan, Rev. Claudius. Memoir of the Expediency of an Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India, Page 76.
  7. ^ Arthat padiola
  8. ^ N.M. Mathew, (2007), History of the Malankara Marthoma Church, Vol II (Malayalam) page 88.
  9. ^ Mavelikara Padiola
  10. Mar Thoma Church
    History. Page28-33.
  11. ^ Mar Thoma Sabha Directory. (1999). pages 82–89.
  12. ^ Mar Thoma Sabha Directory. (1999). pages 82–89.
  13. ^ Zac Varghese & Mathew A. Kallumpram. (2003). Glimpses of Mar Thoma Church History. pages 28-33.
  14. ^ N.M. Mathew. Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram (Malayalam) vol II (2007). pages 20–25 and volume III (2008) pages 286–294.
  15. ^ "Marthoma Parish Sharjah, Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan Biography" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  16. ^ Ref: George Kassessa, Rev.M.C. Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan. (Biography in Malaylam) Page 42.
  17. ^ Chacko, T.C., (2000). Concise History of Malankara Marthoma Church. E.J. Institute

References

English:

    1. Agur, C.M. (1903). Church History of Travancore. Asian Education Services.
    2. George Kassessa, Rev.M.C. (1919). Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan. (Biography in Malaylam), CLS, Tiruvalla.
    3. Juhanon Marthoma
      Marthoma Syrian Church
      . Pub: K.M. Cherian.
    4. Mathew, N.M. (2003) History of Palakunnathu Family.
    5. Zac Varghese Dr. & Mathew A. Kallumpram. (2003). Glimpses of
      ISBN 8190085441
    6. Life of Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan

Malayalam:

    1. T.C. Chacko, (2000) Concise history of Malankara Marthoma Suyani Sabha, E.J. Institute,
      Tiruvalla
      .
    2. K.N. Daniel,(1952). Udayamperoor Sunnahadosinte Canonukal (Canons of the Synod of Diamper), C.L.S.,
      Tiruvalla
      .
    3. Eapen, Prof. K.V. (2001) History of Malankara Marthoma Suryani Sabha.
    4. Mathew, N.M. (2006) History of Malankara
      Tiruvalla
      .

External links

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