Aka-Kede language
Kede | |
---|---|
Aka-Kede | |
Native to | India |
Region | Andaman Islands; central and north central Middle Andaman island. |
Extinct | between 1931 and 1951[1] |
Great Andamanese
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | akx |
akx.html | |
Glottolog | akak1252 |
The Kede language, Aka-Kede, is an extinct
History
The Aka-Kede were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, one of the ten or so Great Andamanese tribes identified by British colonials in the 1860s. Their language was closely related to the other Great Andamanese languages. They disappeared as a distinct group sometime after 1931.[1]
Grammar
The Great Andamanese languages are
- A cushion or sponge is ot-yop "round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
- A cane is ôto-yop, "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
- A stick or pencil is aka-yop, "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
- A fallen tree is ar-yop, "rotten", from the prefix for limbs or upright things.
Similarly, beri-nga "good" yields:
- un-bēri-ŋa "clever" (hand-good).
- ig-bēri-ŋa "sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
- aka-bēri-ŋa "good at languages" (tongue-good.)
- ot-bēri-ŋa "virtuous" (head/heart-good)
The prefixes are,
Bea | Balawa? | Bajigyâs? | Juwoi | Kol | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
head/heart | ot- | ôt- | ote- | ôto- | ôto- |
hand/foot | ong- | ong- | ong- | ôn- | ôn- |
mouth/tongue | âkà- | aka- | o- | ókô- | o- |
torso (shoulder to shins) | ab- | ab- | ab- | a- | o- |
eye/face/arm/breast | i-, ig- | id- | ir- | re- | er- |
back/leg/butt | ar- | ar- | ar- | ra- | a- |
waist | ôto- |
Body parts are
The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):
I, my | d- | we, our | m- |
thou, thy | ŋ- | you, your | ŋ- |
he, his, she, her, it, its | a | they, their | l- |
'This' and 'that' are distinguished as k- and t-.
Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two
Sources
- Justin, Anstice (2000). "Who Are the Jarawa?". A discussion of public nomenclature, published at andaman.org. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20100608094507/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/originals/Justin/art-justs.htm
References
- ^ ISBN 90-04-12062-9,
... The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman became extinct by 1921. The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931. The Akar-Bale of Ritchie's Archipelago, the Aka-Kede of Middle Andaman and the A-Pucikwar of South Andaman Island soon followed. By 1951, the census counted a total of only 23 Greater Andamanese and 10 Sentinelese. That means that just ten men, twelve women and one child remained of the Aka-Kora, Aka-Cari and Aka-Jeru tribes of Greater Andaman and only ten natives of North Sentinel Island ...
- ^ a b c d Temple, Richard C. (1902). A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Superintendent's Printing Press: Port Blair.