Al-Farooq (title)

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Al-Farooq
الفاروق
Arabia (Middle East
)

Al-Farooq (Arabic: الفاروق, "distinguisher") is the title given to one who distinguishes right from wrong.[1] It was a well-known historical title of the second Caliph Umar.

Etymology

According to the Lisān al-'Arab (Arabic dictionary by

Ibn Manẓūr) al-Farouq refers to making a distinction between two subjects, and is a person who distinguishes between right and wrong.[2]
Al-Farooq is translated as "discriminator" by Gerald T. Elmore,[3] Richard F. Burton.[4] As, however, the morphophonology of the lexeme farūq is not Arabic, the word seems to be of Syro-Aramaic origin, e.g. pārōqā "Saviour" as for example pointed out by Robert M. Kerr.[5]

History

According to historical Sunni sources, Muhammad entitled Umar ibn al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[1] The son of Kahn Jahan, the minister of Muhammad bin Tughluq claimed Umar ibn al-Khattab got this title from the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[6] Also Umayyad caliph Sulayman called him discriminator (al-farooq)[7] It is mentioned in the History of Tabari, Taqabat ibn Sad, and Tahdhib "the people of the Book (Jews) were the first to call Umar 'al-Faaruq, we have never heard the Prophet make such reference."[8]

Among historical Shia sources, there is a hadith attributed to Muhammad in which he entitled

Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and Salman the Persian narrated some of this Hadithes [10]
There are also some Shia sources that emphasized that
Omar bin al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[9][11]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-86151-298-7
    .
  2. ^ Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-'Arab. p. 303.
  3. ISBN 978-9004109919
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-60520-578-6
    .
  5. ISBN 978-3-89930-389-6
    .
  6. ^ "Sarkár of Dándes". Bibliotheca Indica. 61 (2). Baptist Mission Press. p. 226, footnote 4. 1891. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  7. ISBN 978-0-486-42502-3.[verification needed
    ]
  8. ISBN 978-1-4384-2039-4
    .
  9. ^
    Mesbah Yazdi, Mesbah Yazdi. quarter of arrogancزینهار از تکبر]
    . Vol. 1. p. 217.
  10. ^ Ameli, jafar morteza. Ṣaḥīḥ of Biography of Imam Ali. Vol. 14. p. 156.
  11. ISBN 978-0-8264-4957-3
    .
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