Alexander Protopopov

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Alexander Protopopov
Александр Протопопов
Nicholas II
Preceded byAleksandr Khvostov
Succeeded byGeorgy Lvov
Personal details
Born
Alexander Dmitryevich Protopopov

(1866-12-18)18 December 1866
Russian SFSR
NationalityRussian
Political partyUnion of October 17
OccupationPolitician

Alexander Dmitrievich Protopopov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дми́триевич Протопо́пов; 30 December [O.S. 18 December] 1866 – 27 October 1918) was a Russian publicist and politician who served as the interior minister from September 1916 to February 1917.

Protopopov became a leading

mental instability failed to relieve the effects of the war on Russia and contributed to the decline of the imperial government. Protopopov remained Minister of the Interior despite attempts to remove him for his policy failures, worsening mental state, and close relationship with Grigori Rasputin until he was forced to resign shortly before the February Revolution
.

According to Bernard Pares, Protopopov "was merely a political agent; but his intentions as to policy, considering the post which he held, are of historical interest."

Early life

Alexander Dmitrievich Protopopov was born on 18 December 1866 in

Imperial Guard. After leaving the army in 1889, Protopopov studied law and became a director of his father's textile factory. At some point, Protopopov moved to Saint Petersburg where he became active in the financial community.[1]

Political career

Protopopov was elected in 1907 as a member of the centralist

Third and Fourth Dumas. In 1912, Protopopov was elected Marshal of Nobility of Karsunsky Uyezd. In 1916, was elected as Marshal of Simbirsk Governorate and also became president of the Council of the Metal-Working Industry, controlled by banks dependent on German syndicates.[2]

In November 1913 or May 1914, Protopopov was appointed as vice-president of the

Nazi journalist Theodor Fritsch rewrote the story, alleging Warburg had wrecked Imperial Germany, advanced the Communist cause, and changed the entire course of European history.[13]

Minister of Interior

Alexander Protopopov and two aides, September 1916

On 20 July 1916, Protopopov formally met with Tsar

Boris Stürmer
, with support from the empress.

According to Rodzianko and

public organizations, especially Zemgor and the War Industry Committees, to win back the support of the business world, which he knew better than anything else.[20] In November, Protopopov sought the dissolution of the Duma.[21]

zemstvos from meeting without police agents in attendance.[25] "Protopopov felt that this organization was dominated by a revolutionary salaried staff and that in general the demand of opposition activists for a role in food-supply matters was meant to further political, and not practical, aims".[26] When the supply problems proved beyond Protopopov's capabilities to manage, he lifted registration requirements on Jewish residents of Moscow and other cities.[27] Early 1917 Protopopov, who excused himself many times and did not attend the meetings of the government; he suggested dissolution or postponing the Duma even further.[28] On 8 February, at the wish of the tsar, Nikolay Maklakov, together with Protopopov ..., drafted the text of the manifesto on the dissolution of the Duma.[29][30] On February 27 [O.S. February 14], the Duma was dissolved and Protopopov was proclaimed dictator.[31]

quack doctor
close to the Russian imperial family.

Relations with Rasputin

Grigori Rasputin had a closer relationship with Protopopov than with his predecessor Stürmer, and had known each other since 1912.

seances
.

Revolution and death

On February 22, the workers of most of the big factories were on strike. On

Vasili Maklakov at the session of the Council of Ministers in the Mariinsky Palace, who spoke for the resignation of the government, but Protopopov refused to give up. Not long after his apartment and office were sacked by demonstrators, and Protopopov took refuge at the Mariinsky Palace. According to M. Nelipa: "On February 28, Protopopov freely walked into the Tauride Palace at 11.00 p.m. and handed himself in".[36][37] Protopopov was taken to the main hall, where the former cabinet ministers were surrounded by soldiers with fixed bayonets. The new Russian Provisional Government under Georgy Lvov requested him to retire from his post as Minister of the Interior, giving him the plea of "illness" if he desired.[38] Protopopov and Prince Golitsyn were arrested and taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress
that night.

In prison, Protopopov prepared detailed

hallucinations. After the October Revolution in November 1917 and the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, Protopopov was transferred to Moscow and imprisoned in Taganka Prison. On 27 October 1918, Protopopov was executed by the Cheka, with his execution order implying his mental state as healthy.[39]

References

  1. ^ Ronald C. Moe (2011) "Prelude to the Revolution. The murder of Rasputin", p. 470.
  2. ^ "THE GREAT RUSSIAN REVOLUTION BY VICTOR CHERNOV" (PDF). chernov.sstu.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  3. ^ "Memoirs translated from Russian - страница 23". kk.docdat.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  4. ^ The newspaper continued after the February Revolution, attacking the Bolsheviks and supporting the Allied cause. It was closed down on 25 October 1917 by the Military Committee. []
  5. ^ The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Tsar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra, p. 4. April 1914-March 1917 by Joseph T. Fuhrmann, ed.; J.T. Fuhrmann, Rasputin, p. 177
  6. ^ "Maurice Paléologue. An Ambassador's Memoirs. 1925. Vol. III, Chapter II". gwpda.org. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  7. ^ The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia by Professor and Holder of the John Biggs Chair in Military History, p. 549. [1]
  8. ^ Ron Chernow (1993) The Warburgs. A family saga, p. 178-179
  9. ^ "Russia Faces Most Profound Crisis of War - Bureaucracy and Democracy Are in Last Round of Long Struggle, Russian Writer Asserts, with Chances Favoring Latter - View Article - NYTimes.com" (PDF). query.nytimes.com. 26 November 1916. Retrieved 2014-12-12.
  10. ^ THE GREAT RUSSIAN REVOLUTION BY VICTOR CHERNOV Archived 2014-04-26 at the Wayback Machine; Ronald C. Moe (2011) "Prelude to the Revolution. The murder of Rasputin", p. 471.
  11. ^ George Buchanan (1923) My mission to Russia and other diplomatic memories [2]
  12. ^ Jewishness in Russian Culture: Within and Without by Leonid Katsis, Helen Tolstoy [3]
  13. ^ Ron Chernow (1993) The Warburgs. A family saga, p. 179, 236, 272
  14. ^ The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Tsar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra. April 1914-March 1917, p. 5. by Joseph T. Fuhrmann, ed.
  15. ^ "Протопопов Александр Дмитриевич". hrono.ru. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  16. ISBN 9780307788573
    . Retrieved 2014-12-12.
  17. ^ B. Pares (1939), p. 416.
  18. ^ Bernard Pares (1939) The Fall of the Russian Monarchy. A Study of the Evidence. Jonathan Cape. London.p. 382.
  19. ^ O. Figes (1996), p. 286.
  20. ^ B. Pares (1939), p. 418.
  21. ^ B. Pares, p. 442.
  22. ISBN 9780307788573
    . Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  23. ^ The Fall of the Russian Empire: The Story of the Last of the Romanovs and ... by Edmund A. Walsh S.J., p. 115, 116, 297. [4]
  24. ^ B. Pares (1939), p. 396.
  25. ^ B. Pares (1939), p. 428.
  26. ^ Lars T. Lih (1990) Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914–1921 [5] UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
  27. ^ Jewish Policies and Right-wing Politics in Imperial Russia by Hans Rogger [6]
  28. ^ "Падение царского режима. Том 2/Допрос кн. Н. Д. Голицина 21 апреля 1917 — Викитека".
  29. ^ F.A. Gaida (2020) The "Cabinet" of Prince N.D. Golitsyn and the search for a political course in the winter of 1916-1917.
  30. ^ Ф.А. Гайда, к.и.н., исторический факультет МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова. "Министр внутренних дел Н. А. Маклаков: политическая карьера русского Полиньяка"
  31. ISBN 9780804700238
    . Retrieved 2014-12-11.
  32. ^ B. Pares, p. 380.
  33. ^ B. Pares (1939), p. 405; Maria Rasputin (1934) My Father, p. 109.
  34. ^ "The Escape of Alexei. Son of Tsar Nicholas II". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-12.
  35. ISBN 978-0816060610
    .
  36. ISBN 978-0-9865310-1-9
    .
  37. ^ https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/SUNCH19170523.2.60 [bare URL]
  38. ^ B. Pares, p. 451.
  39. ^ The fall of the tsarist regime. Volume 2 / Interrogation of A.D. Protopopov on April 21, 1917

External links

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Political offices
Preceded by
O.S.
– 28 February 1917 		Succeeded by
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