Almaliq, Xinjiang
.png)  Shown within Continental Asia  Almaliq, Xinjiang (China)  Almaliq, Xinjiang (Xinjiang) | |
| Location | Xinjiang, China |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 44°14′24″N 80°31′59″E / 44.24000°N 80.53306°E |
.jpg)
).[2][3]Almaliq (
Khorgas
, adjacent to Huocheng, has no historical connections with the medieval town.
History
Almaliq was originally one of
Turkic Kaganates. It is known from the accounts of the Persian historians and Chinese travelers of the Mongol era (13th to 15th centuries), in particular the 13th-century Daoist Qiu Chuji
(Chang Chun).
According to the travel notes of Genghis Khan's chief adviser
crab apple
trees around Almalik. The native people called them "almaliq", thus giving the name to the city.
An account by a Persian historian tells that in 1211, Prince Ozar of Almaliq acknowledged the supremacy of
Karakitai. Genghis Khan ordered the king's son Siknak Tekin to succeed him as king of Almaliq and gave him the only daughter of his elder son Jochi for marriage. In 1219, when Genghis Khan led his host on campaign to Persia, Siknak Tekin followed him.[6]
The marriage between the ruler of Almaliq and a granddaughter of
Tughluq Temur, Khan of Moghulistan, from c. 1351 to 1363. Tughluq Temür's tomb can still be seen in the town. Inscriptions also show the presence of Nestorian Christians in the town in the third quarter of the fourteenth century.[7][8]
A number of Catholic missionaries worked in Almaliq in the 14th century as well, including
Yesun-Timur Khan.[9]
The city was typically known as "Armalec" in their accounts.[5]
-
Almalik was capital of the Chagatai Khanate -
![The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, took place in Almalik in 1339.[9]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg/197px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg)
The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, took place in Almalik in 1339.[9] -
Tughlugh Timur (r.1360–1363) mausoleum, Almaliq, Xinjiang -
Alimali Nestorian steles, Yuan dynasty period (1206-1368). Xinjiang Museum
![The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, took place in Almalik in 1339.[9]](/File:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani,_1336-37_circa,_dalla_sala_capitolare_(detail).jpg)
.jpg)
References
Citations
- ISBN 978-1271741458.
- ISBN 978-0-300-05167-4.
- ^ "The Cresques Project - Panel VI". www.cresquesproject.net.
- ^ Previously transcribed into Chinese as 阿爾馬立克, Ā'ěrmǎlì; 阿里马城, Ālǐmǎchéng; 阿里麻, Ālǐmá and 阿力马力, Ālìmǎlì.
- ^ a b c Henry Yule, Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices ..., Volume 2; pp 288, 321, 338, etc.
- ^ Emil Bretschneider: Medieval Researches, Vol 2, p33, Trubner Oriental Series, London, 1888.
- ^ Niu, loc. cit.
- ISSN 0254-9948.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8248-7808-5.
Bibliography
- W. Barthold [rev. by B. Spuler and O. Pritsak], "Almaligh", Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed.
- Niu Ruji, "Nestorian Inscriptions from China (13th - 14th Centuries)", in R. Malek, Jingjiao, The Church of the East in China and Central Asia, 2006.
- Pachkalov, Alexander. Archaeological Sources: The Chaghadaid Khanate. In The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire. Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University. Cambridge University Press, 2023. Vol. II. 464-473 pp.
External links
- Daniel Waugh, "Almaliq" (University of Washington)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Almaliq.