Aluminium isopropoxide
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Aluminium Isopropoxide
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Other names
Triisopropoxyaluminium
Aluminium isopropanolate Aluminium sec-propanolate Aluminium triisopropoxide 2-Propanol aluminium salt AIP | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.008.265 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C9H21AlO3 | |
Molar mass | 204.246 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | white solid |
Density | 1.035 g cm−3, solid |
Melting point | Sensitive to purity: 138–142 °C (99.99+%) 118 °C (98+%)[1] |
Boiling point | @10 Torr 135 °C (408 K) |
Decomposes | |
isopropanol
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Poor |
Structure | |
monoclinic
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Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Flammable (F) |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H228 | |
P210, P240, P241, P280 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 16 °C (61 °F; 289 K) |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
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Titanium isopropoxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Aluminium isopropoxide is the
Structure
A tetrameric structure of the crystalline material was verified by
Preparation
This compound is commercially available. Industrially, it is prepared by the reaction between isopropyl alcohol and aluminium, or aluminium trichloride:
- 2 Al + 6 iPrOH → 2 Al(O-i-Pr)3 +3H2
- AlCl3 + 3 iPrOH → Al(O-i-Pr)3 + 3 HCl
The procedure entails heating a mixture of aluminium,
Reactions
Aluminium isopropoxide is used in
Being a basic
History
Aluminium isopropoxide was first reported in the master's thesis of the Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko (Вячеслав Евгеньевич Тищенко, 1861–1941), which was reprinted in the Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society (Журнал Русского Физико-Химического Общества) of 1899.[8] This contribution included a detailed description of its synthesis, its peculiar physico-chemical behavior, and its catalytic activity in the Tishchenko reaction (catalytic transformation of aldehydes into esters). It was later found also to display catalytic activity as a reducing agent by Meerwein and Schmidt in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction ("MPV") in 1925.[9][10] The reverse of the MPV reaction, oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone, is termed the Oppenauer oxidation. The original Oppenauer oxidation employed aluminium butoxide in place of the isopropoxide.[11]
Related compounds
- Aluminium phenolate
- Aluminium tert-butoxide, which is a dimer [(t-Bu-O)2Al(μ-O-t-Bu)]2.[12] It is prepared analogously to the isopropoxide.[13]
References
- ^ ISBN 0471936235.
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- ISBN 978-3527306732.
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- ^ Тищенко, B. E. (Tishchenko, V. E.) (1899). "Действие амальгамированного алюминия на алкоголь. Алкоголятов алюминия, их свойства и реакции" [Effect of amalgamated aluminium on alcohol. Aluminium alkoxides, their properties and reactions.]. Журнал Русского Физико-Химического Общества (Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society) (in Russian). 31: 694–770.
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- ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
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