Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels | |
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Solms-Braunfels | |
Father | John Albert I, Count of Solms-Braunfels |
Mother | Countess Agnes of Sayn-Wittgenstein |
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels (31 August 1602 – 8 September 1675) was
Biography
Early life
Amalia was born in Braunfels as a daughter of Count Johann Albrecht I of Solms-Braunfels (1563-1623) and his wife, Countess Agnes of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1568-1617). She was a member of the House of Solms, a ruling family with Imperial immediacy, and spent her childhood at the parental Braunfels castle.
She became part of the court of
The end of their journey was
When Maurice of Nassau died, he made his half-brother Frederick Henry promise to wed. Frederick married Amalia on 4 April 1625.
Wife to the Stadtholder
When Frederick Henry became stadtholder after the death of his half-brother Prince Maurice, his influence grew substantially, as did Amalia's. Together Frederick Henry and Amalia succeeded in expanding court life in The Hague. They had several palaces built, including Huis ten Bosch. Amalia was a great collector of art and amassed many jewels, which were inherited by her four surviving daughters. She was described as intelligent, arrogant and ambitious, not beautiful but with a fresh and appealing appearance.
Amalia was the prime mover of several royal marriages, including that of her son William III to
The relationship between Amalia and Frederik Hendrik was described as happy, and Amalia is acknowledged to have acted as his political adviser.[1] From 1640 until his death in 1647, Frederik Hendrik's health (he suffered from gout and probably also from a form of Alzheimer's) made it increasingly difficult for him to participate in politics, and during these seven years, Amalia therefore effectively functioned as regent and stadtholder, maintaining diplomatic contacts and making political decisions on his behalf.[2] Her de facto political position was acknowledged and diplomats, aware of this, tried to influence her decisions by costly presents.[1] It was reportedly Amalia who was behind Frederik Hendrik's participation in the negotiations which was eventually to result in the Peace of Münster of 1648.[2] As a recognition, King Philip IV of Spain granted her the seigniory and castle of Turnhout in 1649.
In 1647, her spouse died and was succeeded as stadtholder and Prince of Orange by their son William II, Prince of Orange.
Regency
After the death of her son William II in 1650, her grandson William III (Prince William III of Orange and later also King William III of England) became prince of Orange. A regency council was appointed during his minority, and Amalia and her former daughter-in-law Mary Stuart fought over guardianship and thereby chairmanship of the regency council; the High Court of Holland and Zeeland finally granted both Mary and Amalia shared guardianship, and thereby shared part in the regency council of Orange.[2]
Amalia was supported against Mary by her son-in-law, the Elector of Brandenburg, and she was on good terms with the
In 1672, her grandson was declared an adult and his regency council thereby dismissed. Amalia retired and witnessed him becoming stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel and captain-general of the Union. She died at her home in The Hague, aged 73.
Tributes
A wine from wine estate Solms-Delta in Franschhoek (South Africa) is named after Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. The wine honours the role played by her in Dutch political life. Her grandson, William III, King of England, provided refuge and support to thousands of French Huguenots after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Some 180 of these refugees, fleeing religious persecution, were relocated to the Cape and granted farms in Franschhoek. Here they laid the foundations of the modern South African wine industry.
Issue
- Stadtholder William II (1626–1650), married Mary of England
- Luise Henriette of Nassau (1627–1667), married Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
- Henriette Amalia of Nassau (1628), died in infancy
- Elisabeth of Nassau (1630), died shortly after birth
- Isabella Charlotte of Nassau (1632–1642), died in childhood
- William Frederick, Count of Nassau-Dietz
- Henriette Catherine of Nassau (1637–1708), married John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
- Henry Louis of Nassau (1639), died in infancy
- Maria of Nassau (1642–1688), married Louis Henry Maurice, son of Louis Philip of Palatine-Simmern-Kaiserslautern
Amalia also suffered many miscarriages:
- A miscarried daughter (1629)
- A miscarried daughter (1631)
- A miscarried son (1633)
- A miscarried son (1635)
- A miscarried daughter (1636)
- A miscarried son (1638)
- A miscarried daughter (1640)
- A miscarried daughter (1641)
- A miscarried son (1643)
- A miscarried daughter (1645)
- A miscarried daughter (1646)
- A miscarried son (1647)
Ancestry
Ancestors of Amalia of Solms-Braunfels |
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References
- ^ a b c djr (18 January 2018). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". resources.huygens.knaw.nl.
- ^ a b c d e djr (18 January 2018). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". resources.huygens.knaw.nl. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
External links
Media related to Amalia of Solms-Braunfels at Wikimedia Commons