Amphibious fish

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• Lungfish (Dipnoi): Six species have limb-like fins, and can breathe air. Some are obligate air breathers, meaning they will drown if not given access to breathe air. All but one species bury in the mud when the body of water they live in dries up, surviving up to two years until water returns.
• Bichir (Polypteridae): These 12 species are the only ray-finned fish to retain lungs. They are facultative air breathers, requiring access to surface air to breathe in poorly oxygenated water.^[1]
• Various other "lunged" fish: now
  mammals
  .

Gill or skin breathers

• Alticus arnoldorum) are able to jump over land using their tails. On Rarotonga, one species has evolved to become largely terrestrial.^[2][3]
• Pacific Coast, these sculpins leave water if the oxygen levels get low, and they can breathe air.^[4]
• mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This requires the mudskipper to be wet, limiting them to humid habitats. This mode of breathing, similar to that employed by amphibians, is known as cutaneous breathing. They propel themselves over land on their sturdy fore fins. Some of them are also able to climb trees and skip atop the surface of the water.^[6]
• Mangrove killifish (Mangrove rivulus): It can survive for about two months on land, where it breathes through its skin.
• Echidna catenata sometimes leaves the water to forage.^[7]
• Monopterus rongsaw
  ) through their skin.
• Snakehead fish (
  labyrinth organ. The northern snakehead of Eastern Asia
  can "walk" on land by wriggling and using its pectoral fins, which allows it to move between the slow-moving, and often stagnant and temporary bodies of water in which it lives.
• Airbreathing catfish (
  Channallabes apus), which lives in swamps in Africa, and is known to hunt beetles on land.^[8]
• Labyrinth fish (
  caudal peduncle, and gill covers as a means of locomotion. Climbing gourami are said to move at night in groups.^{[citation needed}
  ]
• Arapaima are obligate airbreathers that breathe air through a modified swim-bladder.^{[citation needed]}
• Knifefish: (
  Gymnotus carapo, the latter of which uses an "esophageal force pump" to siphon air into its lungs for gas exchange.^[9][10][11]

• Walking fish

References