Ancient Southern East Asian

Edit links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Approximate distribution of ASEA-affiliated ancestries

In archaeogenetics, Ancient Southern East Asian (ASEA), also known as Southern East Asian (sEA), is an ancestral lineage that is represented by individuals from Qihe Cave in

Insular Southeast Asia, and Oceania, and is commonly associated with the Neolithic expansion of early Austronesian and Austroasiatic
speakers that occurred more than 4,000 years ago.

East Eurasians

Origins

Until the early

Upper Pleistocene individual from the Amur river with a clear ANEA affinity.[3]

In the mid-Holocene, southward migrations of

Hmong-Mien languages) still carry significantly higher levels of ASEA ancestry.[4][5]

Neolithic expansion into Southeast Asia and Oceania

See also: Peopling of Southeast Asia
Possible language family homelands and routes of early rice transfer.

Starting from the third millennium BCE, rice farming-based agriculture spread from southern East Asia into Mainland and Insular Southeast Asia. This technological spread was a result of the migration of southern East Asian agriculturalists that carried ASEA ancestry. These Neolithic farmers took two routes: an inland route into Mainland Southeast Asia, and an maritime route that originated from Taiwan.[6][5][7]

Ancient DNA of first farmer individuals from Mainland Southeast Asia dated at c. 4kya derives most of its ancestry from the ASEA lineage, with significant admixture from a local hunter-gatherer population.

Htin peoples in northern Laos and Thailand) and parts of East Asia and South Asia. Hence, the first spread of farming in Mainland Southeast Asia is widely assumed to be linked to the expansion of the Austroasiatic languages.[8][6] From Mainland Southeast Asia, this Austroasiatic-related ancestry spread into Insular Southeast Asia to the Sunda Islands,[8] adjacent areas (viz. Palawan, Mindanao) of the Philippines,[11] and western Wallacea,[12][13]
although there are no remaining Austroasiatic languages spoken in this area, having been supplanted by incoming Austronesian languages.

The rapid maritime expansion of the early

Austronesians starting c. 5,000–4,000 years ago brought ASEA ancestry from Taiwan to the Philippines, the Indonesian archipelago and Oceania, initially with little admixture from local populations, as can be seen from 2,900–2,500 year-old Lapita-related individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga,[14] and from ancient 2,800–2,200 year-old DNA of the first settlers of Guam.[15] In western Indonesia, Austronesian settlers admixed with people from the Austroasiatic-related settlement stream with Neolithic Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry,[5] while in eastern Indonesia and Oceania, all Austronesian-speaking groups have Papuan-related geneflow at various levels.[14][12][15] Later migrations of Austronesian speakers brought ASEA ancestry as far as to Madagascar and eastern Polynesia.[6]

Notes

  1. ^ Local hunter-gatherer contributed around 30% to the Neolithic Mainland Southeast Asian genepool.[8] A potential source for the local pre-Neolithic component is the Hoabinhian lineage represented by two individuals from Laos and Malaysia,[9][6][5] whose ancestry still persists at high levels in the Semang hunter-gatherers of Malaysia and southern Thailand.[9] An alternative source represents the Guangxi/Longlin lineage, represented by a specimen found in modern day Guangxi.[10]

References

  1. ^ Zhang & Fu 2020, p. 81.
  2. ^ Yang 2022, pp. 14, 17.
  3. ^ Mao et al. 2021, p. 3260.
  4. ^ Yang et al. 2020, pp. 5–6.
  5. ^ a b c d Zhang & Fu 2020, p. 82.
  6. ^ a b c d Stoneking et al. 2023, p. 5.
  7. ^ Nägele et al. 2022, p. 207–208.
  8. ^ a b c Lipson et al. 2018.
  9. ^ a b McColl et al. 2018.
  10. ^ Wang et al. 2021.
  11. ^ Larena et al. 2021.
  12. ^ a b Oliveira et al. 2022.
  13. ^ Stoneking et al. 2023, p. 5–6.
  14. ^ a b Stoneking et al. 2023, p. 6.
  15. ^ a b Liu et al. 2022, p. 6.

Bibliography

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Southern_East_Asian&oldid=1193437644"