André Muhirwa
André Muhirwa | |
---|---|
3rd Mwambutsa IV | |
Preceded by | Louis Rwagasore |
Succeeded by | Pierre Ngendandumwe |
Minister of the Interior | |
In office September 1961 – October 1961 | |
Preceded by | Jean-Baptiste Ntidendereza |
Succeeded by | Jean Ntiruhama |
Personal details | |
Born | 1920 Murete, Rose Paula Iribagiza |
Parent |
|
André Muhirwa (1920 – 28 April 2003) was a Burundian politician who served as
Early life
André Muhirwa was born in 1920 in Murete,
Political career
In 1944 Muhirwa was granted the small chiefdom of Buhumuza in the Ruyigi territory. The chiefdom was distant from his place of origin, and he later recounted in an interview that while presiding over it he felt as if he were still in exile.[2] In 1952 he married Rosa Paula Iribagiza, the daughter of the Mwami (king) of Burundi, Mwambutsa IV of Burundi.[1] The marriage was part of a deal struck by Muhirwa with the monarchy to assume his father's chiefdom, with the assistance of Chiefs Ntitendereza and Barusasiyeko. He was granted the chiefdom the following year. Afterwards he became a staunch supporter of Bezi lineage Ganwa and grew close to the monarchy.[2] He retained good relations with the Mwami even after he separated from Iribagiza.[3]
In 1958 Muhirwa became a supporter of Crown Prince
The death of Rwagosore stoked divisions in UPRONA, and fueled a rivalry between Muhirwa and a Hutu politician,
"The Government of Urundi seeks independence, not just autonomy. It wants to be responsible and knows that it can be."
Muhirwa to the United Nations Trusteeship Council, 13 June 1962[16]
Muhirwa led a delegation to the
During his tenure, Mwambutsa increasingly involved himself in national politics.[21] In March 1963 Muhirwa ordered the arrest of three Monrovia leaders—including President of the Legislative Assembly Thaddée Siryuyumunsi—for allegedly conspiring against the government, but the Mwami intervened and ordered their release.[22][23] The Legislative Assembly, in direct opposition to Muhirwa's government subsequently appointed Siryuyumunsi and two other opposition figures to the Mwami's Crown Council on 22 May.[24] On 1 June, Muhirwa announced his appointment of a new Minister of Public Works. This prompted the Mwami to deny the selection, arguing that the crown was entitled to choose its ministers.[25] On 7 June a motion of no confidence was tabled against his government in the Legislative Assembly for his previous imprisonment of its presiding officer.[26] Faced with growing parliamentary opposition and the monarchy's interventions, Muhirwa gave Mwambutsa his resignation that day. The Mwami appointed Pierre Ngendandumwe as the new Prime Minister.[25] Despite this, Muhirwa retained his position in UPRONA and remained influential in national politics as the leader of the Casablanca group. In 1964 he was made Minister of State in Prime Minister Albin Nyamoya's government.[1]
In 1965, Muhirwa was co-opted into the
Later life
While retiring upon his departure from the ambassadorship, Muhirwa remained engaged with politics in Burundi and became an advocate for the fully-fledged recognition of the Ganwa as a separate ethnicity from Burundi's other major ethnic groups.[30] In 2001, he co-founded the Parliamentary Monarchist Party (Parti Monarchiste Parlementaire, PMP).[31] He died on 28 April 2003 at the age of 83.[30]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Weinstein 1976, p. 194.
- ^ a b c d Lemarchand 1970, p. 332.
- ^ Carbone 2000, p. 33.
- ^ Banshimiyubusa 2018, p. 223.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, p. 11.
- ^ Ghislain 1970, Tableau 2.
- ^ "New Premier in Urundi". The New York Times. Reuters. 21 October 1961. p. 7.
- ^ Lemarchand 1970, p. 372.
- ^ Ghislain 1970, p. 87.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, pp. 280–281.
- ^ De Witte 2021, p. 242.
- ^ "Burundi : Public Executions". Africa Digest. Vol. X, no. 4. February 1963. p. 113.
- ^ a b Eggers 2006, pp. 95–96.
- ^ Lemarchand 1970, p. 351.
- ^ Lemarchand 1970, pp. 351–352.
- ^ a b Brewer, Sam Pope (14 June 1962). "Urundi Tells U.N. It Wants No Foreign Troops". The New York Times. p. 11.
- ^ Mbazumutima, Abbas (17 December 2016). "Valentin Bankumuhari, le bras droit de Rwagasore s'est éteint". Iwacu (in French). Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ "Today in History, July 1". Austin-American Statesman. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ "Admission to United Nations Asked". Daily Report : Foreign Radio Broadcasts. No. 130. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 5 July 1962. p. I4.
- ^ Webster 1964, p. 2.
- ^ Lemarchand 1970, p. 363.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, p. 12.
- ^ McDonald 1969, p. 79.
- ^ Présence Africaine 1963, p. 238.
- ^ a b Lemarchand 1970, p. 364.
- ^ Carbone 2000, p. 49.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, pp. 194–195.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, p. 87.
- ^ Weinstein 1976, p. 195.
- ^ a b c "Le Burundi vient de perdre un des pères de l'indépendance". Net Press (in French). Agence burundaise d'information Net Press. 8 May 2003. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ProQuest 450361987
Works cited
- Banshimiyubusa, Denis (2018). Les enjeux et défis de la démocratisation au Burundi. Essai d'analyse et d'interprétation à partir des partis politiques (PDF) (PhD thesis) (in French). Université Pau et des Pays de l'Adour. OCLC 1085890695.
- "Le Burundi a la Recherche d'Une Stabilite". Présence Africaine (in French) (47): 235–241. 1963. JSTOR 24348312.
- Carbone, Carlo (March 2000). "Nazione, Nazionalisti, Decolonizzazione in Burundi 1958-1963". JSTOR 40761428.
- De Witte, Ludo (2021). Meurtre Au Burundi : La Belgique et l'assassinat de Rwagasore (in French). Editions IWACU, Investig' Action. ISBN 978-2-930827-87-2.
- Eggers, Ellen K. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Burundi (third ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5302-7.
- Ghislain, Jean (1970). La Féodalité au Burundi (PDF) (in French). Brussels: OCLC 2115033.
- Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
- McDonald, Gordon C., ed. (1969). Area Handbook for Burundi (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2021.
- Webster, John. B. (1964), The Constitutions of Burundi, Malagasy and Rwanda. A Comparison and Explanation of East African French Language Constitutions, Occasional Paper no. 3, Syracuse: Syracuse University, OCLC 846680671
- Weinstein, Warren (1976). Historical Dictionary of Burundi. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810809628.