Anthropocene Working Group
This article reads like a press release or a news article and may be largely based on routine coverage. (January 2023) |
The Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) is an interdisciplinary research group dedicated to the study of the
History
Prior to the establishment of the Anthropocene Working Group in 2009, no research program dedicated to the formalization of the Anthropocene in the geologic time scale existed. The idea of naming the current epoch 'Anthropocene' rather than using its formal time unit, the
The discussion over the beginning of the Anthropocene was crucial for the 'stratigraphic turn'[10] that the Anthropocene debate took in the following years. In February 2008, Jan Zalasiewicz and other members of the Stratigraphy Commission of the Geological Society of London published a paper that considered the possibility to "amplify and extend the discussion of the effects referred to by Crutzen and then apply the same criteria used to set up new epochs to ask whether there really is justification or need for a new term, and if so, where and how its boundary might be placed."[11] The article raised the possibility of studying the Anthropocene as a discrete geological unit—a possibility that later led to the establishment of the AWG.
In 2009, the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy established an Anthropocene Working Group to "examine the status, hierarchical level and definition of the Anthropocene as a potential new formal division of the Geological Time Scale."[12] Some authors have labelled this moment as 'stratigraphic turn'[13] or 'geological turn',[14] in that the establishment of the AWG acknowledged the Anthropocene as an object of geological interest in the scientific community. The AWG has been actively publishing ever since then. The first in-person meeting of the AWG took place in October 2014 at Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin (HKW), with several other work meetings at HKW to follow in subsequent years. The AWG became a close collaborator of the HKW's and Max Planck Institute for the History of Science's decade long Anthropocene Project.[15] Within the framework of that project, HKW was able to acquired in 2018 financial support for a systematic assessment of potential candidates for the Anthropocene's Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) by the AWG through means of a special appropriation from the German Bundestag.[16]
In 2020, Colin Waters, previously secretary of the AWG, became the new chair, replacing the paleobiologist Jan Zalasiewicz who had previously been chair of the AWG from 2009 to 2020, while Simon Turner became the new secretary of the group.
Research
The Anthropocene Working Group is one of four workings groups part of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (the other three being the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary working group, Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary working group, and Early/Middle Pleistocene boundary working group).[17] The AWG members (including Paul Crutzen, who was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1995 for his researcher on ozone depletion; John McNeill, a pioneering researcher in the field of environmental history; and Naomi Oreskes, author of the book Merchants of Doubt) have diverse disciplinary backgrounds, ranging from international law, archaeology, and history to philosophy, natural science, and geography. Since no direct funding supports the research program, communication among members happens mostly through email, whereas meetings are usually founded by hosting institutions.
As for most of the epochs in the
A central object of research for the AWG is establishing when, where, and how to locate the lower boundary of the Anthropocene. This means assigning a starting date to the Anthropocene (and an end to the Holocene), locating primary as well as auxiliary markers defining Anthropocene
In January 2014, the Geological Society of London published A Stratigraphical Basis for the Anthropocene,[22] a collection of scientific essays dedicated to assessing and analyzing the anthropogenic signatures defining the Anthropocene, and its requirements to be recognized as a distinct chronostratigraphic unit from the Holocene. The volume constitutes a landmark publication for the AWG, collecting a preliminary body of scientific evidence for the Anthropocene, and establishing research areas and trajectories retraced in the following years.
In February 2019, the AWG published The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit: A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate. It represents an extensive summary of evidence collected supporting the case of formalization of the Anthropocene as a geological time unit. The synthesis comprehends evidence ranging from stratigraphy,
In May, 2019, the AWG completed a binding vote determining two major research questions:
- "Should the Anthropocene be treated as a formal chrono-stratigraphic unit defined by a GSSP?"
- "Should the primary guide for the base of the Anthropocene be one of the stratigraphic signals around the mid-twentieth century of the Common Era?"
Both questions received a positive response, with 29 votes in favor, 4 votes against, and no abstention (33 votes received out of 34 potential voting members).[23]
On July 11, 2023, the AWG proposed Crawford Lake, Canada as GSSP candidate site of the Anthropocene series in a joint press conference with the Max Planck Society.[24][25]
Media
In 2016 seven prominent members of the AWG – Erle Ellis, John McNeill, Eric Odada, Andrew Revkin, Will Steffen, Davor Vidas and Jan Zalasiewicz – were interviewed in the feature documentary Anthropocene which showed on campuses and at film festivals worldwide and helped the term gain public attention. The documentary was the first feature-length film about the new epoch, and was described by Earth.com as one of the top ten documentaries to help raise environmental awareness. While the seven AWG members formed a broad consensus about the Anthropocene's history and the term's significance, they took contrasting views when invited by director Steve Bradshaw to consider the Anthropocene either as a tragedy – with extinctions and upheavals – or as a dark comedy.
See also
- Research program
- Geochronology
- Chronostratigraphy
- List of GSSPs
- History of geology
- Attribution of recent climate change
- Human ecology
References
- ^ ISBN 9781108621359.
- ^ Crutzen, Paul; Stoermer, Eugene (May 2000). "The "Anthropocene"" (PDF). IGBP Global Change Newsletter (41): 17–18. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
- PMID 11780095.
- S2CID 2501894. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- S2CID 205242896.
- ^ Todd, Zoe; Davis, Heather (2017-12-20). "On the Importance of a Date, or, Decolonizing the Anthropocene". ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies. 16 (4): 761–780.
- ^ Keeler, Kyle (2020-09-08). "Colonial Theft and Indigenous Resistance in the Kleptocene". Edge Effects.
- S2CID 45442486.
- S2CID 16218015. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Wikidata Q114630752.
- . Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ AWG (December 2009). "Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy)" (PDF). AWG Newsletter (1). Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ISBN 9780241280881.
- ISBN 9781138821248.
- ^ "The Anthropocene Project at HKW". Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- .
- ^ "Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy: Working Groups". Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ Salvador, Amos (1994). International Stratigraphic Guide: A Guide to Stratigraphic Classification, Terminology, and Procedure. The International Union of Geological Sciences & The Geological Society of America.
- S2CID 205242896.
- .
- PMID 21282159.
- ISBN 9781862396289.
- ^ "Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy: Working Group on the 'Anthropocene'". SQS Website. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ^ "Joint Announcement of AWG and MPG on Crawford Lake as proposed GSSP candidate site of the Anthropocene seriers". Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ "Recording of Joint Announcement of AWG and MPG on Crawford Lake as proposed GSSP candidate site of the Anthropocene seriers". Retrieved July 21, 2023.