Dubois was appointed a professor of surgery in 1790. On 22 August 1798 he became a member of the Institut d'Égypte.
In 1802 he became a surgeon in a private hospital that later was to become known as the
Maison Dubois. After the death of Pierre Lassus (1741–1807), Dubois was appointed as consultant-surgeon of the Emperor, and in 1810 replaced Jean-Louis Baudelocque (1745–1810) as head of maternity services. Following the birth of Napoleon II, he was given the title of "Baron of the Empire
".
In 1820 Dubois was appointed as a clinical professor to the
Faculté de Médecine. He was relieved of these duties in 1822, only to have them reinstated several years later (1829). He published little during his career, but is credited with making improvement to a number of surgical instruments, including a forceps
.svg)
