Cinquantenaire Arcade

The Cinquantenaire Arcade (French: Arcade(s) du Cinquantenaire; Dutch: Arcade(s) van het Jubelpark) is a memorial arcade in the centre of the Parc du Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark in Brussels, Belgium. The centrepiece is a monumental triple arch known as the Cinquantenaire Arch (French: Arc du Cinquantenaire; Dutch: Triomfboog van het Jubelpark). It is topped by a bronze quadriga sculptural group with a female charioteer, representing the Province of Brabant personified raising the national flag.^[2]

The monument is oriented facing

The Cinquantenaire Arcade was part of a project commissioned by the Belgian Government under the patronage of King Leopold II for the 1880 National Exhibition, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Belgian Revolution.^[1] In 1880, only the bases of the memorial arch's columns were completed, and during the exhibition, the rest of the arch was constructed from wooden panels. In the following years, the monument's completion was the topic of a continuous battle between Leopold II and the Belgian Government, which did not want to spend the money required to complete it.

The original single arch of the 1880 exhibition was conceived by the architect Gédéon Bordiau, but upon his death in 1904, the arch's design was revised by the French architect Charles Girault, chosen by Leopold II.^[1] Girault designed a triple arch, but preserved Bordiau's idea of the quadriga.^[1] The foundation of the new arch was laid down on 4 January 1905, replacing Bordiau's temporary arch. The basic construction was completed with private funding in May of the same year and the arcade was inaugurated by Leopold II on 27 September 1905, just in time for the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence.^[1]

The monument received protected status on 29 June 1984.^[1] Plans were announced in 2022 to renovate the Parc du Cinquantenaire including the archway as part of a project called "Cinquantenaire Bicentenaire" for the 200th anniversary of Belgium's independence.^[3]

Description

Arch

The Cinquantenaire Arch, 30-metre-wide (98 ft) and 45-metre-high (148 ft), has three bays of equal dimensions. The ceiling, whose arches are semi-circular, is made up of stone caissons, decorated for half of them with a laurel wreath, and for the rest with the acronym meaning "The King, and Law, and Liberty!", one of Belgium's official pledges. The monument's decoration and the sculptures that adorn it were entrusted to the most prominent artists of the time in a spirit of national exaltation.

Quadriga

The arch's bronze quadriga, entitled Brabant Raising the National Flag, was made by Thomas Vinçotte and the horses by Jules Lagae.^[1] The pedestal, facing the Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan, bears the inscription: "This monument was erected in 1905 for the glorification of the independence of Belgium", with the year shown in Roman numerals. A spiral staircase, now flanked by an elevator, provides access to the exhibition room located under the quadriga and to the two terraces located on either side of it.

Columns and sculptures

The columns echo the original layout of the Avenue de Tervueren, which was once divided into three roadways lined with a double row of trees.

• Cinquantenaire Arch's sculptures
• 
  Province of West Flanders by Jef Lambeaux
• 
  Province of East Flanders by Lambeaux
• 
  Province of Antwerp by Charles van der Stappen
• 
  Province of Limburg by Albert Desenfans
• 
  Province of Hainaut

  by Desenfans
• 
  Province of Namur by Guillaume de Groot
• 
  Province of Liège

  by Van der Stappen
• 
  Province of Luxembourg by De Groot

Colonnade and frieze

The originally open colonnade was closed at the rear by a wall in 1905, which starting in 1912, was decorated with a 360 m² (3,900 sq ft) mosaic frieze with the theme The glorification of peaceful and heroic Belgium, by Jean Delville. He was then joined by several other artists.^[1] The mosaic decoration was completed in 1932.

• 
  The Knight-King, Albert I, mosaic by Jean Delville, 1920
• 
  The Victory of the Fallen, Delville, 1920
• 
  The Trumpets of Victory, Delville, 1920
• 
  The Victory of Law and Justice, Delville, 1920

Location and accessibility

The various buildings of the Cinquantenaire, of which the arch forms the centrepiece, host three museums: the

• Neoclassical architecture in Belgium
• History of Brussels
• Culture of Belgium
• Belgium in the long nineteenth century

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Deltour-Levie, Claudine; Hanosset, Yves (1993). Le Cinquantenaire et son site. Bruxelles, ville d'Art et d'Histoire (in French). Vol. 1. Brussels: Éditions de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale.
• Hannequart, Jean-Pierre; Schamp, Eric; Pulings, Marie-Claude (1996). Découvrir Bruxelles par ses Espaces Verts (in French). Brussels: Institut bruxellois pour la Gestion de l'Environnement, Commission communautaire française.
• McDonald, George (2011). Frommer's Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  ISBN 978-1-118-06151-0
  .
• Schroeder-Gudehus, Brigitte; Rasmussen, Anne (1992). Les fastes du progrès : le guide des expositions universelles 1851-1992 (in French). Paris: Flammarion.
  ISBN 978-2-08-012617-7
  .

• Media related to Cinquantenaire Arcade at Wikimedia Commons