Army of the North (France)
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The Army of the North or Armée du Nord is a name given to several historical units of the
Campaigns
1791 to 1797
At the creation of the Army of the North on 14 December 1791, the
Under Charles François Dumouriez, the Army of the North helped blunt the Prussian invasion at the Battle of Valmy on 20 September 1792. It also made up a large part of Dumouriez's expedition into the Austrian Netherlands which resulted in victory at the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November 1792.
On 18 March 1793, the
On 17–18 May 1794, the Army of the North won a victory at the Battle of Tourcoing while under the temporary leadership of Joseph Souham. The right wing of the army fought under Jourdan in an important victory at the Battle of Fleurus on 26 June. Soon after this, the Allied position in Flanders collapsed, leading to Austria's loss of Belgium and the extinction of the Dutch Republic in the winter of 1794-1795. During this period, the army was engaged in mopping up operations and sieges. On 25 October 1797, the Army of the North officially ceased to exist and its troops became an army of occupation in the newly created Batavian Republic.
The Army of the North's commanders are listed as follows.[4]
- Marshal Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 14 December 1791 – 18 May 1792
- Marshal Nicolas Luckner, 19 May – 11 July 1792
- General Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 12 July – 19 August 1792
- General Charles François Dumouriez, 18 August – 28 September 1792
- General Anne François Augustin de La Bourdonnaye, 28 September – 25 November 1792
- General Francisco de Miranda, 16 November 1792 – 1 February 1793
- General Dumouriez, 2 February – 4 April 1793
- General Auguste Marie Henri Picot Dampierre, 6 April – 8 May 1793 †
- General François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche, 8 – 27 May 1793
- General Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, 28 May – 16 July 1793
- General Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine, 17 July – 10 August 1793
- General Jean Nicolas Houchard, 11 August – 23 September 1793
- General Florent Joseph Duquesnoy, 24 – 25 November 1793
- General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 25 September – 9 November 1793
- General Duquesnoy, 10 – 14 November 1793
- General Jourdan, 15 November 1793 – 12 January 1794
- General Jean Henri Becays Ferrand, 13 January – 8 February 1794
- General Jean-Charles Pichegru, 9 February – 18 October 1794
- General Jean Victor Marie Moreau, 19 October – 4 December 1794
- General Pichegru, 5 December 1794 – 20 March 1795
- General Moreau, 21 March 1795 – 29 March 1796
- General Joseph Souham, 30 March – 3 April 1796
- General Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville, 4 April – 15 September 1796
- General Jean François Aimé Dejean, 16 September 1796 – 24 September 1797
1811 to 1813
The Army of the North in Spain formed in January 1811 and included soldiers from the
- Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bessières, January – July 1811
- General of Division Jean-Marie Dorsenne, July 1811 – May 1812
- General of Division Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga, May 1812 – January 1813
- General of Division Bertrand Clausel, January 1813 – July 1813
1815
This name was also given to the force commanded by
This Armée du Nord is often mistakenly regarded as separate from Armée de la Réserve (Reserve Army), which it fought beside during the 1815 campaign. In fact the Armée de la Réserve was simply a large corps of the Armée du Nord that remained under Napoleon's direct command.[citation needed]
For more detailed organizational details on this Armée du Nord, see
1870-1871
During the
References
Books
- Eggenberger, David. An Encyclopedia of Battles. New York: Dover Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-486-24913-1
- Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001. ISBN 0-14-139041-7
- Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
References
Footnotes
- ^ Smith, p 45
- ^ Smith, p 46
- ^ Smith, p 50
- ^ French wikipedia, "Armee du Nord"
- ^ Glover, p 390-391
- ^ Smith, p 365
- ^ Glover, p 369-370. Note that Glover incorrectly lists Louis Marc Caffarelli instead of his brother.
- ^ Sir Henry Montague Hozier; William Henry Davenport Adams (1872). The Franco-Prussian War: Its Causes, Incidents, and Consequences. p. 217ff.
- ^ Edmund Ollier (1883). Cassell's history of the war between France and Germany, 1870-1871. p. 210.