Lille
Lille
Rijsel ( City Hall and Lille-Flandres train station | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 50°37′40″N 3°03′30″E / 50.6278°N 3.0583°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Hauts-de-France |
Department | Nord |
Arrondissement | Lille |
Canton | Lille-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 |
Intercommunality | European Metropolis of Lille |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Martine Aubry[1] (PS) |
Area 1 | 34.8 km2 (13.4 sq mi) |
• Urban (2020[2]) | 446.7 km2 (172.5 sq mi) |
• Metro (2020[3]) | 1,666.4 km2 (643.4 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[4] | 236,710 |
• Rank | 10th in France |
• Density | 6,800/km2 (18,000/sq mi) |
• Urban (Jan. 2020[5]) | 1,053,636 |
• Urban density | 2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi) |
• Metro (Jan. 2020[6]) | 1,515,061 |
• Metro density | 910/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 59350 /59000, 59800 |
Website | www |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
Lille (
The city of Lille proper had a population of 236,234 in 2020 within its small municipal territory of 35 km2 (14 sq mi),[7] but together with its French suburbs and exurbs the Lille metropolitan area (French part only), which extends over 1,666 km2 (643 sq mi), had a population of 1,515,061 that same year (Jan. 2020 census),[6] the fourth most populated in France after Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The city of Lille and 94 suburban French municipalities have formed since 2015 the European Metropolis of Lille, an indirectly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of wider metropolitan issues, with a population of 1,182,250 at the Jan. 2020 census.[8]
More broadly, Lille belongs to a vast
Nicknamed in France the "Capital of Flanders", Lille and its surroundings belong to the historical region of Romance Flanders, a former territory of the county of Flanders that is not part of the linguistic area of West Flanders. A garrison town (as evidenced by its Citadel), Lille has had an eventful history from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. Very often besieged during its history, it belonged successively to the Kingdom of France, the Burgundian State, the Holy Roman Empire of Germany and the Spanish Netherlands before being definitively attached to the France of Louis XIV following the War of Spanish Succession along with the entire territory making up the historic province of French Flanders. Lille was again under siege in 1792 during the Franco-Austrian War, and in 1914 and 1940. It was severely tested by the two world wars of the 20th century during which it was occupied and suffered destruction.
A merchant city since its origins and a manufacturing city since the 16th century, the
The construction of the brand-new
History
Origins
Archeological digs seem to show the area as inhabited by as early as 2000 BC,[.
The legend of "Lydéric and Phinaert" puts the foundation of the city of Lille at 640. In the 8th century, the language of Old Low Franconian was spoken, as attested by toponymic research.[dubious ][citation needed] Lille's Dutch name is Rijsel, which comes from ter ijsel (at the island) from Middle Dutch ijssel ("small island, islet"), calque of Old French l'Isle ("the Island"), itself from Latin Īnsula, from īnsula ("island").
From 830 to around 910, the
The first mention of the town dates from 1066: apud Insulam (Latin for "at the island"). It was then controlled by the County of Flanders, as were the regional cities (the Roman cities Boulogne, Arras, Cambrai as well as the Carolingian cities Valenciennes, Saint-Omer, Ghent and Bruges). The County of Flanders thus extended to the left bank of the Scheldt, one of the richest and most prosperous regions of Europe.
Middle Ages
The Carolingian duke Évrard lived in the city in the 9th century and participated in many of the day's political and military affairs. There was an important Battle of Lille in 1054. Raimbert of Lille (fl. c. 1100) was an early nominalist who taught at Lille.[11]
From the 12th century, the fame of the Lille cloth fair began to grow. In 1144 Saint-Sauveur parish was formed, which would give its name to the modern-day quartier Saint-Sauveur.
The counts of Flanders,
In 1225, the
The Countess died in 1244 in the
The county of Flanders fell to the Duchy of Burgundy next, after the 1369 marriage of Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, and Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Lille thus became one of the three capitals of said Duchy, along with Brussels and Dijon. By 1445, Lille counted some 25,000 residents. Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, was even more powerful than the King of France, and made Lille an administrative and financial capital.
On 17 February 1454, one year after the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, Philip the Good organised a Pantagruelian banquet at his Lille palace, the still-celebrated "Feast of the Pheasant". There the Duke and his court undertook an oath to Christianity.
In 1477, at the death of the last duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Mary of Burgundy married Maximilian of Austria, who thus became Count of Flanders.
Early modern era
The 16th and the 17th centuries were marked by a boom in the regional textile industry, the Protestant revolts and outbreaks of the plague.
Lille came under the rule of the
The first printer to set up shop in Lille was Antoine Tack in 1594. The 17th century saw the building of new institutions: an Irish College in 1610, a Jesuit college in 1611, an Augustinian college in 1622, almshouses or hospitals such as the Maison des Vieux hommes in 1624 and the Bonne et Forte Maison des Pauvres in 1661, and of a Mont-de-piété in 1626.[14]
Unsuccessful French attacks on the city were launched in 1641 and 1645.
For five years, from 1708 to 1713, the city was occupied by the Dutch during the War of the Spanish Succession. Throughout the 18th century, Lille remained profoundly Catholic. It took little part in the French Revolution, but there were riots and the destruction of churches. In 1790, the city held its first municipal elections.
Post-French Revolution
In 1792, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, the Austrians, then in the United Provinces, laid siege to Lille. The "Column of the Goddess", erected in 1842 in the "Grand-Place" (officially named Place du Général-de-Gaulle), is a tribute to the city's resistance, led by Mayor François André-Bonte . Although Austrian artillery destroyed many houses and the main church of the city, the city did not surrender, and the Austrian Army left after eight days.
The city continued to grow and, by 1800, had some 53,000 residents, leading to Lille becoming the seat of the Nord département in 1804. In 1846, a railway connecting Paris and Lille was built. In the early 19th century,
In 1858, Lille annexed the adjacent towns of Esquermes, Fives, Moulins-Lille and Wazemmes.[16] Lille's population was 158,000 in 1872, growing to over 200,000 by 1891. In 1896 Lille became the first city in France to be led by a socialist, Gustave Delory.
By 1912, Lille's population stood at 217,000. The city profited from the Industrial Revolution, particularly via coal and the steam engine. The entire region grew wealthy thanks to its mines and textile industry.
First World War
Lille's occupation by the Germans began on 13 October 1914 after a ten-day siege and heavy shelling, which destroyed 882 apartment and office blocks and 1,500 houses, mostly around the railway station and in the centre. By the end of October, the city was being run by German authorities. Because Lille was only 20 km from the battlefield, German troops passed through the city regularly on their way to and from the front. As a result, occupied Lille became a place for the hospitalisation and the treatment of wounded soldiers as well as a place for soldiers' relaxation and entertainment. Many buildings, homes and businesses were requisitioned to those ends.[17]
Lille was liberated by the Allies on 17 October 1918, when General Sir William Birdwood and his troops were welcomed by joyous crowds. The general was made an honorary citizen of the city of Lille on 28 October.
The only[citation needed] audio recording known to have been made during World War I was recorded near Lille in October 1918. The two-minute recording captured the Royal Garrison Artillery conducting a gas shell bombardment.[18]
Lille was also the hunting ground of the German World War I flying ace Max Immelmann, who was nicknamed "the Eagle of Lille".
Années Folles, Great Depression and Popular Front
In July 1921, at the
From 1931, Lille felt the repercussions of the Great Depression, and by 1935, a third of the city's population lived in poverty. In 1936, the city's mayor, Roger Salengro, became Minister of the Interior of the Popular Front but eventually killed himself after right-wing groups led a slanderous campaign against him.
Second World War
During the
Rationing came to an end in 1947, and by 1948, normality had returned to Lille.
Postwar
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2020) |
In 1967, the Chamber of Commerce of Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing were joined, and in 1969 the Communauté urbaine de Lille (Lille urban community) was created, linking 87 communes with Lille.
Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, the region was faced with some problems after the decline of the coal, mining and textile industries. From the early 1980s, the city began to turn itself more towards the
Pierre Mauroy served as Mayor of Lille for 28 years from 1973 to 2001. Mauroy was Prime Minister for part of the term of Francois Mitterrand.
In 1983, the VAL, the world's first automated rapid transit underground network, opened. In 1993, a high-speed TGV train line was opened connecting Paris with Lille in one hour. This, with the opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 and the arrival of the Eurostar train put Lille at the centre of a triangle connecting Paris, London and Brussels.
Work on Euralille, an urban remodelling project, began in 1991. The Euralille Centre was opened in 1994, and the remodeled district is now full of parks and modern buildings containing offices, shops and apartments. In 1994 the "Grand Palais" was also opened for the general public, which is free for the public to enter on the first Sunday of every month.
21st century
Lille was chosen as a European Capital of Culture in 2004,[20] along with the Italian city of Genoa.
Lille and Roubaix were affected by the 2005 riots, like all of France's other urban centres.
In 2007 and again in 2010, Lille was awarded the label "Internet City".[by whom?][citation needed]
The Saint-Joseph Chapel of Saint-Paul College was demolished in February 2021.[21]
Climate
Lille can be described as having a temperate oceanic climate; summers normally do not reach high average temperatures, but winters can fall below freezing temperatures, though with averages still above the freezing mark. Precipitation is plentiful year round.
The table below gives average temperatures and precipitation levels for the 1991–2020 reference period.
Climate data for Lille (LIL), elevation: 47 m (154 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1944–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
41.5 (106.7) |
37.1 (98.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
41.5 (106.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.7 (40.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.8 (38.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.2 (2.29) |
50.8 (2.00) |
52.1 (2.05) |
45.3 (1.78) |
61.6 (2.43) |
63.7 (2.51) |
67.8 (2.67) |
71.3 (2.81) |
56.8 (2.24) |
64.1 (2.52) |
75.0 (2.95) |
73.3 (2.89) |
740.0 (29.13) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.2 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 13.3 | 12.2 | 126.2 |
Average snowy days | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 19.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
88 | 85 | 82 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 83 | 87 | 89 | 90 | 83 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.2 | 73.6 | 127.3 | 175.9 | 195.7 | 201.5 | 209.7 | 196.8 | 155.3 | 115.3 | 61.7 | 52.5 | 1,627.4 |
Source 1: Meteo France[22]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity and snow days 1961–1990)[23] |
Environment
Lille is noted for its air pollution, with a 2018 study attributing 1,700 deaths per year in the agglomeration of Lille to pollution. In 2018, Lille held France's record pollution peaks.[24]
Population
The population data in the table and graph to the left below refer to the commune of Lille proper in its borders since 2000, i.e. a municipal territory of 35 km2 (14 sq mi). This includes the former communes annexed by the commune of Lille: Esquermes, Fives, Moulins-Lille, and Wazemmes in 1858, Hellemmes-Lille in 1977, and Lomme in 2000.[16]
The Lille metropolitan area (table to the right below), which is much larger than the small commune of Lille proper, covers a territory of 1,666 km2 (643 sq mi) (French part of the metropolitan area only) and had a population of 1,515,061 in 2020 (Jan. census).[6]
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Economy
A former major mechanical, food industry and textile manufacturing centre as well as a retail and finance center, Lille is the largest city of a conurbation, built like a network of cities: Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing and Villeneuve-d'Ascq. The conurbation forms the Métropole Européenne de Lille which is France's fourth-largest urban conglomeration with a 2016 population of over 1.15 million.[27]
Revenues and taxes
For centuries, Lille, a city of merchants, has displayed a wide range of incomes: great wealth and poverty have lived side by side, especially until the end of the 1800s. This contrast was noted by Victor Hugo in 1851 in his poem Les Châtiments: « Caves de Lille ! on meurt sous vos plafonds de pierre ! » ("Cellars of Lille! We die under your stone ceilings!")
Employment
Employment in Lille has switched over half a century from a predominant industry to tertiary activities and services. Services account for 91% of employment in 2006.
Business area | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture | 340 | 240 | 144 | 116 | 175 | 74 |
Industry and construction | 51,900 | 43,500 | 34,588 | 22,406 | 15,351 | 8,427 |
Tertiary activities | 91,992 | 103,790 | 107,916 | 114,992 | 122,736 | 149,795 |
Total | 144,232 | 147,530 | 142,648 | 137,514 | 138,262 | 158,296 |
Sources of data: INSEE[29][30] |
Farmers | Businesspersons, entrepreneurs |
Upper class | Middle class | Employees | Blue-collar worker | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1968 | 2017 | 1968 | 2017 | 1968 | 2017 | 1968 | 2017 | 1968 | 2017 | 1968 | 2017 | |
Lille | 0.1% | 0.0% | 7.8% | 3.6% | 7.5% | 29.0% | 16.7% | 26.0% | 33.1% | 25.0% | 34.9% | 13.4% |
France | 12.5% | 1.3% | 9.9% | 6.0% | 5.2% | 16.3% | 12.4% | 24.8% | 22.5% | 28.5% | 37.6% | 21.5% |
Sources of data : INSEE[31][30][32] |
1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 | 2017 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lille | 2.9% | 4.6% | 10.3% | 14.6% | 16.9% | 16.7% | 19.2% |
France | 2.1% | 3.8% | 7.4% | 10.1% | 11.7% | 11.5% | 13.9% |
Sources of data : INSEE[31][30][32] |
Enterprises
At the end of 2015, Lille hosts around 28,000 industry or service establishments.
Enterprises | Number of employees | Total employees | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | 1 to 9 | 10 to 19 | 20 to 49 | 50+ | |||
Agriculture | 20 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 74 |
Industries | 804 | 543 | 186 | 27 | 23 | 25 | 5423 |
Construction | 1606 | 1247 | 282 | 45 | 24 | 8 | 3004 |
Commerce, transports, services | 16410 | 11742 | 3721 | 477 | 294 | 176 | 55707 |
Car sales and repair | 4815 | 3105 | 1495 | 138 | 48 | 29 | 12962 |
Administration, education, health, social work | 4536 | 3357 | 599 | 196 | 181 | 203 | 81126 |
Total | 28191 | 20011 | 6285 | 883 | 570 | 442 | 158296 |
Source of data : INSEE[30] |
Main sights
Lille features an array of architectural styles with various amounts of Flemish influence, including the use of brown and red brick. In addition, many residential neighborhoods, especially in Greater Lille, consist of attached two- to three-storey houses aligned in a row, with narrow gardens in the back. These architectural attributes, many uncommon in France, help make Lille a transition in France to neighboring Belgium, as well as nearby Netherlands and England, where the presence of brick, as well as row houses or the terraced house is much more prominent.
Points of interest include
- Birthplace of Charles de Gaulle
- Lille Cathedral (Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille)
- Citadel of Lille
- Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille
- Jardin botanique de la Faculté de Pharmacie
- Jardin botanique Nicolas Boulay
- Jardin des Plantes de Lille
- Maison Folie Moulins
- Lille Synagogue
La Braderie
Lille hosts an annual braderie on the first weekend in September.[33] Its origins are thought to date back to the twelfth century and between two and three million visitors are drawn into the city. It is one of the largest gatherings of France and the largest flea market in Europe.
Many of the roads in the inner city (including much of the old town) are closed and local shops, residents and traders set up stalls in the street.
Gallery
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Column of the Goddess
-
Lille Grand Place.La Voix du Nord(newspaper offices)
-
Lille Grand Place
-
Lille Cathedral
-
Théâtre Sébastopol
-
Lion d'or square
-
Porte de Roubaix
-
Rihour palace
-
Lille Synagogue, 1891
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Christ Church
-
Hôtels particuliers rue Négrier, Vieux-Lille
Transport
Public transport
The
Railways
Lille is an important junction in the European high-speed rail network. It lies on the Eurostar line to London (80-minute journey). The French TGV network also puts it only 1 hour from Paris and 38 minutes from Brussels[36] and connects it to other major centres in France such as Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse. Lille has two railway stations next to each other: Lille-Europe station (Gare de Lille-Europe), which primarily serves high-speed trains and international services (Eurostar), and Lille-Flandres station (Gare de Lille-Flandres), which primarily serves lower-speed regional trains and regional Belgian trains.
Highways
Five autoroutes pass by Lille, the densest confluence of highways in France after Paris:
- Autoroute A27 : Lille – Tournai – Brussels / Liège – Germany
- Autoroute A23 : Lille – Valenciennes
- Autoroute A1: Lille – Arras – Paris / Reims – Lyon / Orléans / Le Havre
- Autoroute A25 : Lille – Dunkirk – Calais – England / North Belgium
- Autoroute A22 : Lille – Antwerp – Netherlands
A sixth one—the A24—would have linked Amiens to Lille if built, but the project was rejected several times then abandoned.
Air traffic
Waterways
Lille is the third-largest French river port after Paris and Strasbourg. The river Deûle is connected to regional waterways with over 680 km (423 mi) of navigable waters. The Deûle connects to Northern Europe via the river Scarpe and the river Scheldt (towards Belgium and the Netherlands), and internationally via the Lys (to Dunkerque and Calais).
Shipping statistics
Year | 1997 | 2000 | 2003 |
---|---|---|---|
Millions of tonnes | 5.56 | 6.68 | 7.30 |
By river or sea | 8.00% | 8.25% | 13.33% |
By rail | 6.28% | 4.13% | 2.89% |
By road | 85.72% | 87.62% | 83.78% |
Education
With a student population of over 110,000 students within its metropolitan area, Lille is one of the major French student cities.
With roots
In early 2018, the three universities merged to form the new University of Lille (student enrollment: 70,000). The new university is part of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France and the European Doctoral College Lille Nord de France.
Further institutions of higher education established or active in Lille include:
- The Arts et Métiers ParisTech, an engineering graduate school of industrial and mechanical engineering, settled in Lille in 1900. This campus is one of the eight Teaching and Research Center (CER) of the school. Its creation was decided by Pierre-Nicolas Legrand de Lérant.
- Centrale Graduate Schools of engineering in France; it was founded in Lille city in 1854, its graduate engineering education and research center was established as Institut industriel du Nord(IDN) in 1872, in 1968 it moved in a modern campus in Lille suburb.
- École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille was established as Institut de chimie de Lille in 1894 supporting chemistry research as followers of Kuhlmann's breakthrough works in Lille.
- École supérieure de journalisme de Lille, journalism school created in 1924.
- Skema Business School established in 1892 is ranked among the top business schools in France.
- École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologiessettled in Lille in 2009.
- ESME-Sudria and E-Artsup settled in Lille in 2012.
- The ESA – École Supérieure des Affaires is a Business Management school established in Lille in 1990.
- IEP Sciences-Po Lillepolitical studies institute was established in Lille in 1992.
- The Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action is also located in Lille.
- The Institut supérieur européen de gestion group (ISEG Group) established in Lille in 1988.
- The fashion School MOD'SPE Paris has a campus in Lille.
- The European Doctoral College Lille Nord de France is headquartered in Lille Metropolis and includes 3,000 PhD Doctorate students supported by university research laboratories.
- The Université Catholique de Lillewas founded in 1875. Today it has law, economics, medicine, physics faculties and schools. Institutions of higher education affiliated with the Catholic University of Lille include:
- École des hautes études commerciales du nord(EDHEC) founded in 1906. EDHEC's MSc Financial Markets program was ranked #1 worldwide by Financial Times in 2017; making it one of the most prestigious financial study programs globally.
- École des Hautes études d'ingénieur (HEI) a school of engineering founded in 1885 and offering 10 fields of specialization.
- Institut catholique d'arts et métiers (ICAM) founded in 1898, ranked 20th among engineering schools, with the specificity of graduating polyvalent engineers.
- IESEG School of Management founded in 1964 (ranked 17th in the latest Financial Times global ranking of the 90 best masters in management, published on Monday 12 September 2016).[39]
Lille is also site of the University and Polytechnic Federation of Lille (Fédération Universitaire et Polytechnique de Lille), a large private educational university that includes a medical school, business school, law school, etc.
Notable people
The Arts
- Renée Adorée (1898–1933), actress
- Alfred-Pierre Agache (1843–1915), academic painter
- Ernest Joseph Bailly (1753–1823), painter
- Antoinette Bourignon (1616–1680), a French-Flemish mystic and adventurer.[40]
- Victor Chocquet (1821–1891), patron of the arts
- neoimpressionistpainter
- Yvonne Chauffin (1905–1995), writer, winner of the 1970 edition of the Prix Breizh
- Devambezillustrated art-editions
- Léon Danchin (1887–1938), animal artist and sculptor
- Académie française
- Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932), textile worker, composed the music of The Internationale in Lille
- Désiré Dihau (1833–1909), bassoonist and composer
- Raoul de Godewaersvelde (1928–1977), singer
- Gabriel Grovlez (1879–1944), pianist, conductor and composer
- Pierre Dubreuil (1872–1944), photographer
- Carolus-Duran (1837–1917), painter.[41]
- Julien Duvivier (1896–1967), director
- Yvonne Furneaux (1928–), actress
- Paul Gachet (1828–1909), doctor known for treating the painter Vincent van Gogh
- Jacquemart Giélée (13th century), poet
- Constance Jablonski, (born 1991) model
- Kamini(1980–), rap singer, hits success in 2006 with the "rural-rap" Marly-Gomont
- Édouard Lalo (1823–1892), composer.[42]
- Armand Lemay (1873–1963), architect
- Adélaïde Leroux (born 1982), actress
- Serge Lutens (born 1942), photographer, make-up artist and fashion designer
- Phil. Macquet (born 1967], painter
- Iris Mittenaere (born 1993), model, Miss France 2016, and Miss Universe 2016
- Philippe Noiret (1930–2006), actor
- Charles-Joseph Panckoucke, (1736–1788), intellectual and writer
- Pascal Renwick (1954-2006), French voice actor
- Albert Samain (1858–1900), poet.[43]
- Ana Tijoux (born 1977), rapper and singer whose family originally was from Chile
Politics, military and public service
- Martine Aubry (1950–), deputy, minister, and Mayor of Lille
- Médaille de la Résistance
- Pierre Joseph Duhem (1758–1807), physician and Montagnard
- Louis Faidherbe (1818–1889), general, founder of the city of Dakar and senator
- Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970), general, resistance fighter, President of France
- Joseph Gratry (1805−1872) theologian and author.[44]
- Isabella of Hainault (1170–1190) Queen of France as the first wife of King Philip II.[45]
- Augustin Laurent (1896–1990), minister, deputy, resistance fighter, and Mayor of Lille
- Achille Liénart (1884–1973), « cardinal des ouvriers »
- Alain de Lille (c. 1128 – c. 1202) a theologian and poet.[46]
- Yves de Lille (c. 1587–unknown), Flemish Capuchin friar and author
- Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013), deputy, senator, Prime Minister of France, and Mayor of Lille
Science & Mathematics
- Charles Barrois (1851–1939), geologist and palaeontologist.[47]
- Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929), mathematician and physicist
- Albert Calmette (1863–1933) and Camille Guérin (1872–1961), scientists who discovered the antituberculosis vaccine
- Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (1923–), mathematician and physicist
- Jean Dieudonné (1906–1992), mathematician
- Paul Hallez (1846–1938), biologist
- Joseph Kampé de Fériet (1893–1982), researcher on fluid dynamics
- Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann, (1803–1881), chemist professor
- Gaspard Thémistocle Lestiboudois (1797–1876), naturalist
- James I of England, scientist
- Henri Padé (1863–1953), mathematician
- Paul Painlevé (1863–1933), mathematician and politician
- Louis Pasteur, (1822–1895), micro-biologist
- Jean Baptiste Perrin (1870–1942), Nobel Prize in physics
Sport
- Maxime Agueh (born 1978), footballer
- Sanaa Altama (born 1990), footballer
- Alain Baclet (born 1986), footballer
- Nabil Bentaleb (born 1994), footballer
- Ismael Ehui (born 1986), footballer
- Patrick Francheterre (born 1948), ice hockey player, coach and manager
- Amandine Henry (born 1989), footballer
- Gaël Kakuta, footballer
- Clarck N'Sikulu, footballer
- Sarah Ousfar (born 1993), basketball player
- Alassane Pléa, footballer
- Lucas Pouille, tennis player
- Alain Raguel (born 1976), footballer
- Antoine Sibierski (born 1974), footballer
- Didier Six (born 1954), footballer
- Philippe Suywens (born 1971), footballer
- Jerry Vandam, footballer
- Raphaël Varane (born 1993), footballer
- Abdellah Zoubir (born 1991), footballer
Media and sports
Local newspapers include
France's national public television network has a channel that focuses on the local area: France 3 Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
The city's most major
.Lille's Stade Pierre-Mauroy was the playground for the final stages of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015. The same venue will host handball at the 2024 Summer Olympics as Paris getting the city being part instead football, where the city was eliminated as co-host city. It was in Lille that the 100th World Esperanto Congress took place, in 2015.
Lille is home to Lille Lacrosse [fr], former national champion [fr] and continuously one of France's best lacrosse teams. The team plays its home games at Halle de glisse [fr].
International relations
Lille is twinned with:[48][49]
- Buffalo, United States
- Cologne, Germany
- Erfurt, Germany
- Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Haifa, Israel
- Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- Liège, Belgium
- Nablus, Palestine
- Oujda, Morocco
- Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Tlemcen, Algeria
- Turin, Italy
- Valladolid, Spain
- Wrocław, Poland
See also
References
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Sources
- Codaccioni, Félix-Paul (1976). De l'inégalité sociale dans une grande ville industrielle, le drame de Lille de 1850 à 1914. Lille: Éditions Universitaires, Université de Lille 3. ISBN 2-85939-041-3.
- Collectif (1999). Lille, d'un millénaire à l'autre (Fayard ed.). Fayard. ISBN 2-213-60456-8.
- Despature, Perrine (2001). Le Patrimoine des Communes du Nord (Flohic ed.). Flohic. ISBN 2-84234-119-8.
- Duhamel, Jean-Marie (2004). Lille, Traces d'histoire. Les patrimoines. La Voix du Nord. ISBN 2-84393-079-0.
- Gérard, Alain (1991). Les grandes heures de Lille. Perrin. ISBN 2-262-00743-8.
- Legillon, Paulette; Dion, Jacqueline (1975). Lille : portrait d'une cité. Axial.
- Lottin, Alain (2003). Lille – D'Isla à Lille-Métropole. Histoire des villes du Nord. La Voix du Nord. ISBN 2-84393-072-3.
- Maitrot, Eric; Cary, Sylvie (2007). Lille secret et insolite. Les Beaux Jours. ISBN 978-2-35179-011-3.
- Marchand, Philippe (2003). Histoire de Lille. Jean-Paul Gisserot. ISBN 2-87747-645-6.
- Monnet, Catherine (2004). Lille : portrait d'une ville. Jacques Marseille. ISBN 2-914967-02-0.
- Paris, Didier; Mons, Dominique (2009). Lille Métropole, Laboratoire du renouveau urbain. Parenthèses. ISBN 978-2-86364-223-8.
- Pierrard, Pierre (1979). Lille, dix siècles d'histoire. Stock. ISBN 2-234-01135-3.
- Trenard, Louis (1981). Histoire de Lille de Charles Quint à la conquête française (1500–1715). Toulouse: Privat. ISBN 978-2708923812.
- Versmée, Gwenaelle (2009). Lille méconnu. Jonglez. ISBN 978-2-915807-56-1.
External links
- [1] - Official website