Army Group Upper Rhine
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2016) |
High Command Upper Rhine Army Group Upper Rhine | |
---|---|
Heer ( Wehrmacht) | |
Type | Army group |
Engagements | Western Front |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Heinrich Himmler Paul Hausser |
The Upper Rhine High Command (German: Oberkommando Oberrhein), known for three days as Army Group Upper Rhine (German: Heeresgruppe Oberrhein), was a short-lived headquarters unit of the German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) created on the Western Front during World War II. The Upper Rhine High Command was formed on 26 November 1944 and deactivated on 25 January 1945. The sole commander of this headquarters unit was Heinrich Himmler.
For most of its history, the command was known as an Oberkommando, and was renamed to become a Heeresgruppe only on 22 January 1945, when Paul Hausser was appointed as commander. Just three days later, on 25 January, Hausser was assigned to Army Group G; Army Group Upper Rhine was dissolved on 29 January.
Creation
Following successful Allied offensives in November 1944 that forced the
On 26 November 1944 the Germans organized the Upper Rhine High Command to defend the upper Rhine.[1][2] Hitler placed SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler in command on 10 December,[3] believing that Himmler's presence would stimulate extraordinary efforts by both German military and Nazi Party officials in the region.
The designation of the command as a "High Command" also meant that the Upper Rhine High Command was an independent theater-level command that answered directly to OKW, rather than to the OB West. OB West was the German command responsible for the rest of the Western Front. With Himmler in charge of the Upper Rhine High Command, the practical effect was that this army group answered directly to Hitler. This introduced a largely disadvantageous schism into the German high command for operations on the Western Front.
Organization
The Upper Rhine High Command controlled the German Nineteenth Army as well as several regiments of the German Replacement Army (Ersatzheer) that were mobilized by Military District V (Wehrkreis V) as an emergency measure in reaction to the successful Allied offensives of November 1944.
The battle for Alsace
On 16 December 1944 the
Reinforced by elements of the
Inactivation
With the defeat of Operation North Wind and the impending collapse of the Colmar Pocket, the Upper Rhine High Command was inactivated on 24 January 1945, and the responsibility for the defense of the upper Rhine region was again returned to Army Group G.
Commanders
- Heinrich Himmler, commander from 10 December 1944 until 24 January 1945
- Paul Hausser, commander from 24 until inactivity
See also
References
- ^ Georg Tessin. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945. Die Waffengattungen - Gesamtübersicht. Chapter "I. Oberbefehlshaber", p. 5.
- ^ Schramm, p. 419, (translated) "On this day, all Army, Air Force, and Waffen-SS troops from the south edge of the Bienwald to the Swiss border are placed under the command of the Reichsführer-SS and given the mission to prevent a crossing of the Rhine by the enemy. In support of this, all Volkssturm will be mobilized. Reports from the Reichsführer-SS will be made directly to the Führer."
- ^ Clarke and Smith, p. 485
- ^ Clarke and Smith, p. 513
- ^ Clarke and Smith, p. 548
Sources
- Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht, 1944-1945 Teilband I, Percy E. Schramm, Herrsching: Manfred Pawlak, 1982.
- Riviera to the Rhine, Jeffrey J. Clarke and Robert Ross Smith, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1993.
- Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939-1945. Die Waffengattungen - Gesamtübersicht, Georg Tessin, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1973.
- Tessin, Georg (1980). Die Landstreitkräfte: Namensverbände / Die Luftstreitkräfte (Fliegende Verbände) / Flakeinsatz im Reich 1943–1945 [Ground forces: Named units and formations / Air forces (Flying units and formations) / Anti–aircraft service in the Reich 1943–1945] (in German). Vol. 14. Osnabrück: Biblio. )