Artem Mikoyan

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ivanovich and the family name is Mikoyan.
Artem Mikoyan
Արտյոմ Միկոյան
Stalin Prize
(1941, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953)

Artem (Artyom) Ivanovich Mikoyan (

Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau along with Mikhail Gurevich
.

Early life and career

Mikoyan was born in the village of

MiG-7 and MiG-8 Utka
did not progress beyond research prototypes.

Jet aircraft designs

Artem Mikoyan monument. Mikoyan Brothers Museum in Sanahin, Armenia
Memorial to Artem Mikoyan in Sanahin

Early post-war designs were based on

Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev suggested to Joseph Stalin that the USSR buy advanced jet engines from the British. Stalin is said to have replied: "What fool will sell us his secrets?"[6] However, he gave his assent to the proposal, and Artem Mikoyan, engine designer Klimov, and other officials traveled to the United Kingdom to request the engines. To Stalin's amazement, the British Labour government and its pro-Soviet minister of trade, Sir Stafford Cripps were willing to provide technical information and a licence to manufacture the Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal-flow jet engine. This engine was reverse-engineered and produced in modified form as the Soviet Klimov VK-1 jet engine, later incorporated into the MiG-15 (Rolls-Royce later attempted to claim £207 million in licence fees, without success).[6][7]

In the interim, on 15 April 1947, the Council of Ministers issued a decree #493-192, ordering the Mikoyan OKB to build two prototypes for a new jet fighter. As the decree called for first flights as soon as December of that same year, the designers at OKB-155 fell back on an earlier troublesome design, the MiG-9 of 1946. The MiG-9 used a pair of the RD-20 Soviet copies of the BMW 003 for its power, which proved to be unreliable, with the airframe's straight-winged design suffering from control problems.

The prototype-only

B-29 Superfortress, and was even evaluated in mock air-to-air combat trials with interned ex-U.S. B-29 bombers as well as the later Soviet B-29 copy, the Tupolev Tu-4. A variety of MiG-15 variants were built, but the most common was the MiG-15UTI (NATO 'Midget') two-seat trainer. Over 18,000 MiG-15s were eventually manufactured, then came the MiG-17, and MiG-19
.

The MiG-15s were the jets used during the Korean War by Communist forces, and "

F-86 Sabre
and the Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighters were the aircraft used throughout most of the conflict, with the area's nickname derived from the latter. Because it was the site of the first large-scale jet-vs-jet air battles, MiG Alley is considered the birthplace of jet fighter combat.

Later work

From 1952, Mikoyan also designed

MiG-21
. He continued to produce high performance fighters through the 1950s and 1960s.

He was twice awarded the highest civilian honour, the

Hero of Socialist Labor and was a deputy in six Supreme Soviets
.

After Gurevich's death, the name of the design bureau was changed from Mikoyan-Gurevich to simply Mikoyan. However, the designator remained MiG. Many more designs came from the design bureau such as the MiG-23, MiG-29 and MiG-35 and variations.

After suffering from a stroke that occurred in 1969, Mikoyan died the following year and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.[4]

Honours and awards

Some of his awards and honours include:[3][4]

Memory

  • A memorial plaque has been installed on House on the Embankment, where he was living.
  • Postage stamps dedicated to Mikoyan have been issued in Armenia.
  • There is an Aviakostruktora Mikoyana Street in Moscow, Ulan-Ude and Minsk district (Republic of Belarus).
  • A school №166 in Armenia is named after him.
  • In Orel, a memorial plaque dedicated to A. I. Mikoyan was installed on the building where the Orel Armored School was located.
  • In 1996, Mikoyan was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.[9]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artem Mikoyan.
  1. ^ a b c d e f Микоян Артем Иванович. Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  2. ^ "The Survivor". Time. 16 September 1957.
  3. ^
    Ambartsumian, Victor (1981). "Artem Mikoyan"
    . Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան (Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia) (in Armenian). 7: 542.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1135812423
    .
  5. ISBN 3-7186-5313-3
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781557505415
    .
  7. ISBN 1844154564
    .
  8. ^ "North American F-86 Sabre (Day-Fighter A, E and F Models)". Archived 7 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.
  9. ISBN 978-1-57864-397-4
    .

External links
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