August Davidov
August Yulevich Davidov | |
---|---|
Nikolai Zhukovsky Nikolai Bugaev |
August Yulevich Davidov (
Early life and education
Davidov was born in
In 1839 Davidov was sent to Moscow to attend the school that is now
Teaching career
Davidov worked briefly as a mathematics teacher in the Cadet Corps,[1] then in 1850 he started as an Associate Lecturer on the theory of probability in the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University. In 1851 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Determination of the Surface of the Fluid Contained in a Vessel" and in the same year published his paper "Theory of Capillary Phenomena".[2][a]
In 1853 Davidov was appointed Extraordinary Professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics, a position he retained until 1859, when he was appointed Full Professor in the same department.[2] In 1862 Davidov moved to the chair of pure mathematics and remained in that post until the end of his tenure at the university. In 1864 he created a new course on the theory of functions, which he taught until 1869 (after which it was taught by his student Nikolai Bugaev).
Davidov had a great influence on
Leadership and organizational roles
In 1863 Davidov was elected Dean of the Department of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University, a post he held until 1873. He was again elected to the position in 1878 and held it until 1880.[1] He served as Vice–President and then President of the Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography, was President of the Imperial Russian Society of Acclimatization of Plants and Animals, and was a member of the Natural History Society.[1]
The Moscow Mathematical Society emerged as a scientific circle of mathematics teachers (mostly from the Moscow University), united around a professor of the physics and mathematics faculty of Moscow State University, Nikolai Brashman. The first meeting of the Society was held on September 27, 1864. Brashman was elected first President of the Society and Davidov Vice–President. In 1866, after the death of Brashman, Davidov was elected the second President and remained in the post until his death almost twenty years later.[3][b]
Pedagogical work
In 1860 Davidov was appointed Inspector of private educational institutions and community activities and became actively engaged in improving the teaching of mathematics at
Davidov's most lasting contribution to primary and secondary education was his textbooks on mathematics subjects in which he expounded on the mathematical theory in close connection with practical examples, using historical data in examples and incorporating visual aids. These textbooks were well received and went through dozens of reprintings over many decades with little alteration. For instance Upper Secondary School Course on Elementary Geometry went through 39 editions over sixty years and Elementary Algebra 24 editions, the last two under Soviet auspices in 1918 and 1922.[1]
Death
Davidov retired from Moscow University in June 1885 after thirty years of service. That same year, on December 22, he died and was buried in Vvedenskoye Cemetery.[4]
After his death, his widow established a prize in his name, awarded for outstanding work in mathematics. Among the winners of this award were the future academician Nikolai Luzin.[1]
Davidov's son Alexei Davidov (1867–1940) became a cellist and composer, then a successful businessman and industrialist and (after the Russian Revolution) an exile in Germany.
Works
Davidov authored works in mathematics (theory of partial differential equations, theory of definite integrals, application of probability theory to problems of statistics) and mechanics (hydrodynamics, theory of equilibrium of floating bodies, research on links between the theory of capillary phenomena and general equilibrium theory).[1]
Works on mathematics includes:
- The application of probability theory to statistics.
- The application of probability theory to medicine.
- Davidov, August (1866). Уравнения с частными дифференциалами какого-нибудь порядка [Equations with partial differentials of any order]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 1 (1). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 351–390.
- Davidov, August (1867). "Элементарный вывод формулы " [An elementary derivation of the formula ]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 2 (1). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 20–25.
- Davidov, August (1867). О геометрическом представлении эллиптических функций первого вида [On a geometric representation of elliptic functions of the first kind]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 2 (2). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 129–142.
- Davidov, August (1870). Замечание об Абелевых функциях [A note on Abelian functions]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 4 (4). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 287–296.
- Davidov, August (1882). Об одной общей формуле в теории определённых интегралов [A general formula in the theory of definite integrals]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 10 (1). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 3–29.
Works on mechanics include:
- Design and operation of steam engines.
- The greatest number of equilibria of a floating triangular prism.
- The theory of equilibrium of bodies immersed in a liquid.
- Davidov, August (1870). Единство мер и весов [The unity of weights and measures]. Mathematics Anthology (Математический сборник) (in Russian). 4 (3). Moscow: Moscow Mathematical Society: 97–110.
School textbooks include:
- Upper Secondary School Course on Elementary Geometry (1863)
- Elementary Algebra (1866)
- Guide to Arithmetic (1870)
- Geometry for the County Schools (1873)
- Elementary Trigonometry (1877)
- Anthology of Geometric Problems (1888) (Davidov worked on this book at the very end of his life, and it was published after his death.)
Notes
External links
- List of articles by Davidov (in Russian)
- Brief biography of Davidov at Academic.ru (in Russian)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Levshin, L. V. (2002). Деканы физического факультета Московского университета [Deans of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University]. Moscow: Department of Physics, Moscow State University. pp. 100–105. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c Grave, Dmitry (1890–1907). "Давидов, Август Юльевич" [Davidov, August Yulevich]. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. St. Petersburg. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (in Russian) - ^ S.S. Demidov; V. M. Tikhomirov; T. A. Tokarev. "История Московского математического общества" [History of the Moscow Mathematical Society]. Moscow Mathematical Society. Retrieved January 22, 2012. (in Russian)
- ^ a b "Давидов (Давыдов) Август Юльевич" [Davidov (Davydov) August Yulevich]. Encyclopedia of Moscow (Энциклопедия "Москва"). 1997. Retrieved January 22, 2012. (in Russian)