Battle of Bonchurch

Battle of Bonchurch
	Part of the French invasion of the Isle of Wight during the Italian War of 1542–1546.
	; Monks Bay in 2008. French troops advanced from the bay before they reached St. Boniface Down, the location where the fighting took place.
Date	July, 1545
Location	Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, England50°36′12.46″N 1°11′55.43″W / 50.6034611°N 1.1987306°W
Result	English victory
Belligerents
England	France
Commanders and leaders
Robert Fyssher	Le Seigneur de Tais
Strength
300-2,800 militiamen	Approx 500 soldiers
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

The Battle of Bonchurch took place in late July 1545 at

French invasion of the Isle of Wight. Several landings were made, including at Bonchurch.^[3]^[2] Most accounts suggest that England won the battle, and the French advance across the island was halted.^[2]

The battle was between French regular soldiers, and local English militiamen.

Le Seigneur de Tais.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The battle was one of several fought between English and French on the Isle of Wight.[3] The majority of sources state that the English won this battle,^[1]^[2] although one suggests that the French were victorious.^[3] The battle was fought as part of the French attempt to cause enough damage to force English ships to leave their defensive positions and attack in less favourable conditions, which was something they failed to achieve and thus had to withdraw from the island^[3] Other French landings were made at Sandown, Bembridge, and St Helens.^[3]

Background

The

Henry VIII invaded France. In September 1544, English forces captured Boulogne. France failed to re-capture the city by force. Peace talks between England and France were unsuccessful, partly because Henry VIII refused to return Boulogne.^[4] As a result, Francis I decided to invade England, hoping that Henry VIII would return Boulogne in return for his leaving England. Thirty thousand French troops and a fleet of some 400 vessels were assembled,^[5] and sailed from Le Havre

on 16 July.

On 18 July, French and English ships engaged off the English coast, marking the beginning of the Battle of the Solent. The outnumbered English ships withdrew,^[3] hoping to lure the French into the shallows of Spithead, but the French wanted to fight in the more open waters of eastern Spithead where the English could be encircled.^[3] To entice the English to abandon their defensive position and engage the larger French fleet, they decided to invade the Isle of Wight and burn buildings and crops.^[3] France also hoped that the residents of the island might support them and rebel against England, so that it could be used as a base.^[6] French troops landed on 21 July.

During the

Hundred Years War, society had become militarised: male adults were obliged to fight if needed, and they received regular military training. The Captain of the Isle, Sir Richard Worsley of Appuldurcombe House, was considered a "capable and energetic commander". He was assisted by Sir Edward Bellingham

, an officer in the regular army, and a headquarters staff.

The French plan at Bonchurch may have been to burn

Dunnose Point offered safe anchorage, and had a fresh water source.^[3]

Prelude

2000 French troops landed at three locations on the coast,

St. Boniface Down for the French to advance from Monks Bay.^[2]

Battle

There is no comprehensive account of the battle. However, it could have taken place at dawn and lasted until midday.[2] Some accounts suggest that local women participated by shooting arrows at the French.^[2]

Outcome

One amateur source claims that the French won the battle at Bonchurch. The English forces took up a defensive position flanked by cliffs and screened by woods. The first French attack was apparently repelled but the French commander

Le Seigneur de Tais rallied his troops. A second attack was launched, with the French forces in the 'array' fighting formation. The account concludes by claiming that, after heavy casualties on both sides, the English line broke and the militia routed, and that Captain Robert Fyssher shouted an offer of £100 for anyone who could bring him a horse to escape, because of his being too fat to run. Sir John Oglander is claimed to have said: "but none could be had even for a kingdom". The captain was never heard from again, and the account suggests he was either killed, or captured and buried at sea.^[3]

All other relevant sources state it was a comprehensive English victory.

Aftermath

Casualties on both sides were heavy.

war, because it only involved a fraction of the forces engaged throughout. Had the French captured the island, it is unlikely this would have drastically affected the war, because more significant territory was being contested. However, the island could have been used to support French operations against England; Claude d'Annebault, commander of the French armada, recorded: "having it [the Isle of Wight] under our control, we could then dominate Portsmouth... and so put the enemy to extraordinary expense in maintaining a standing army and navy to contain us".^[3] Although some sources do claim that the victory at Bonchurch was responsible for the French withdrawal, the source that claims a French victory says that fighting at Bembridge was ultimately responsible for forcing the French to leave.^[3]

Sources

Goodwin, John. Bonchurch from A-Z. Bonchurch: The Bonchurch Trading Company, 1992.
ISBN 1-873009-00-3

Knecht, Robert J. Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
ISBN 0-521-57885-X
.

Scarisbrick, J. J. Henry VIII. London: The Folio Society, 2004.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d False Prophets, archived from the original on 5 December 2004, retrieved 2 January 2008
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Goodwin, Bonchurch from A-Z, 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s The Last Invasion of the Isle of Wight, archived from the original on 13 July 2011, retrieved 14 February 2008
^ Robert Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 501; Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, 397–398.
^ Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 502; Phillips, "Testing the 'Mystery'", 50–51.
^ Mary Rose Dossier disaster, archived from the original on 13 May 2006, retrieved 2 January 2007
^ Isle of Wight Heritage, archived from the original on 6 May 2007, retrieved 18 October 2007

[False-1] False Prophets, archived from the original on 5 December 2004, retrieved 2 January 2008

[Bonchurch_A-Z-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Goodwin, Bonchurch from A-Z, 7.

[Lastinvasion-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s The Last Invasion of the Isle of Wight, archived from the original on 13 July 2011, retrieved 14 February 2008

[4] Robert Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 501; Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, 397–398.

[5] Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 502; Phillips, "Testing the 'Mystery'", 50–51.

[6] Mary Rose Dossier disaster, archived from the original on 13 May 2006, retrieved 2 January 2007

[7] Isle of Wight Heritage, archived from the original on 6 May 2007, retrieved 18 October 2007

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